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Section A. Structure and Specialized Characters:
VII. Flowers
[A. Flower Parts] [B. Flower Types]
- Accessory Organs. The calyx and corolla.
- Androecium. One or more whorls or groups of stamens; all stamens in flower.
- Androgynophore. The stipe or column on which stamens and carpels are borne.
- Calyx. The lowermost whorl of modified leaves, sepals.
- Carpel. The female sporophyll within flower; floral organ that bears ovules in angiosperms; unit of compound pistil.
- Clinanthium. The compound receptacle of the composite head.
- Corolla. The whorl of petals located above the sepals.
- Disc. A discoid structure developed from receptacle at base of ovary or from stamens around the ovary.
- Essential Organs. The androecium and gynoecium.
- Gynoecium or Pistil. The whorl or group of carpels in the center or at the top of the flower; all carpels in a flower.
- Gynophore. The stipe of a pistil or carpel.
- Hypanthium. The fused or coalesced basal portion of floral parts (sepals, petals, stamens) around the ovary.
- Pedicel. The flower stalk.
- Perianth. An aggregation of tepals or combined calyx and corolla.
- Petal. A corolla member or segment; a unit of the corolla.
- Polyphore. A receptacle or torus bearing many distinct carpels, as in Rosa.
- Receptacle or Torus. The region at end of pedicel or on axis to which flower is attached.
- Sepal. A calyx member or segment; a unit of the calyx.
- Stamen. The male sporophyll within the flower; the floral organ that bears pollen in angiosperms.
- Tepal. A perianth member or segment; term used for perianth parts undifferentiated into distinctive sepals and petals.
- Whorl. A cyclic or acyclic group of sepals, or petals, or stamens, or carpels.
- Actinomorphic. Flowers with radial symmetry and parts arranged at one level; with definite numbers of parts and size; e.g., Anemone, Caltha.
- Amorphic or Paleomorphic. Flowers without symmetry; usually with an indefinite number of stamens and carpels, and usually subtended by bracts or discolored upper leaves; e.g., Salix discolor, Echinops ritro. (mostly fossil forms).
- Haplomorphic. Flowers with parts spirally arranged at a simple level in a semispheric or
hemispheric form; petals or tepals colored; parts numerous; e.g., Nymphaea, Magnolia.
- Pleomorphic. Actinomorphic with numbers of parts reduced; e.g., Tripogandra.
- Stereomorphic. Flowers 3-dimensional with basically radial symmetry; parts many or reduced, and usually regular; e.g., Narcissus, Aquilegia.
- Zygomorphic. Flowers with bilateral symmetry; parts usually reduced in number and irregular; e.g., Cypripedium, Salvia.
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