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Re: [SANET-MG] antibiotic uptake into crops from manure



Hi Chrys Ostrander,
The paper below shows that antibiotics from manure may be bound to clay particles but still actively select antibiotic resistant bacteria in the soil and able to pollute groundwater and surface water. I have added a second abstract on the problem of chicken manure. That seems to be the most serious problem with soil additions and composting of chicken manure containing the common arsenic containing antibiotic. Arsenials are ubiquitous in non-organic chicken production and that use leads to arsenic buildups in compost and soil . Even incinerating the manure is no real solution as that process only spreads the pollutant. Arsenic in drinking water is a growing problem, in part due to the chicken industry.
Hope these papers hit the spot! sincerely, Joe Cummins
J Environ Qual. 2005 Oct 12;34(6):1952-7. Antibacterial activity of soil-bound antibiotics.
Chander Y, Kumar K, Goyal SM, Gupta SC.
Department of Soil, Water and Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108. There is some concern that antibiotic residues in land-applied manure may promote the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. The goal of this study was to determine whether or not soil bound antibiotics are still active against bacteria. The procedure involved sorbing various amounts of tetracycline or tylosin on two different textured soils (Webster clay loam [fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls] and Hubbard loamy sand [sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Hapludolls]), incubating these soils with three different bacterial cultures (an antibiotic resistant strain of Salmonella sp. [Salmonella(R)], an antibiotic sensitive strain of Salmonella sp. [Salmonella(S)], and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922), and then enumerating the number of colony forming units relative to the control. Incubation was done under both static and dynamic conditions. Soil-adsorbed antibiotics were found to retain their antimicrobial properties since both antibiotics inhibited the growth of all three bacterial species. Averaged over all other factors, soil adsorbed antimicrobial activity was higher for Hubbard loamy sand than Webster clay loam, most likely due to higher affinity (higher clay content) of the Webster soil for antibiotics. Similarly, there was a greater decline in bacterial growth with tetracycline than tylsoin, likely due to greater amounts of soil-adsorbed tetracycline and also due to lower minimum inhibitory concentration of most bacteria for tetracycline than tylosin. The antimicrobial effect of tetracycline was also greater under dynamic than static growth conditions, possibly because agitation under dynamic growth conditions helped increase tetracycline desorption and/or increase contact between soil adsorbed tetracycline and bacteria. We conclude that even though antibiotics are tightly adsorbed by clay particles, they are still biologically active and may influence the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the terrestrial environment.

Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 113, Number 9, September 2005
Arsenic: A Roadblock to Potential Animal Waste Management Solutions
Keeve E. Nachman,1 Jay P. Graham,2 Lance B. Price,2 and Ellen K. Silbergeld2 1Department of Health Policy and Management, and 2Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Introduction
Abstract
The localization and intensification of the poultry industry over the past 50 years have incidentally created a largely ignored environmental management crisis. As a result of these changes in poultry production, concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) produce far more waste than can be managed by land disposal within the regions where it is produced. As a result, alternative waste management practices are currently being implemented, including incineration and pelletization of waste. However, organic arsenicals used in poultry feed are converted to inorganic arsenicals in poultry waste, limiting the feasibility of waste management alternatives. The presence of inorganic arsenic in incinerator ash and pelletized waste sold as fertilizer creates opportunities for population exposures that did not previously exist. The removal of arsenic from animal feed is a critical step toward safe poultry waste management. Key words: arsenic, biomass burning, fertilizer, incineration, pelletization, poultry litter, poultry waste, waste management, waste-to-energy. Environ Health Perspect 113:1123-1124 (2005). doi:10.1289/ehp.7834 available via http://dx.doi.org/

Chrys Ostrander wrote:

Another problem associated with the excretion of antibiotics in manure is the potential deleterious effects of antibiotic residue on soil microbiology. What studies are out there about that?

Chrys

At 09:28 AM 10/13/2005, you wrote:

Published online 12 October 2005
Published in J Environ Qual 34:2082-2085 (2005)
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2005.0026

I rather believe that compost would not carry over the antibiotics but certainly that needs a good study.
Short Communications
Antibiotic Uptake by Plants from Soil Fertilized with Animal Manure
K. Kumara,*, S. C. Guptaa, S. K. Baidoob, Y. Chandera and C. J. Rosena
a Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 b Department of Animal Science and Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

* Corresponding author (kkumar@umn.edu)

Received for publication January 24, 2005. Antibiotics are commonly added to animal feed as supplements to promote growth of food animals. However, absorption of antibiotics in the animal gut is not complete and as a result substantial amounts of antibiotics are excreted in urine and feces that end up in manure. Manure is used worldwide not only as a source of plant nutrients but also as a source of organic matter to improve soil quality especially in organic and sustainable agriculture. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine whether or not plants grown in manure-applied soil absorb antibiotics present in manure. The test crops were corn (Zea mays L.), green onion (Allium cepa L.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group). All three crops absorbed chlortetracycline but not tylosin. The concentrations of chlortetracycline in plant tissues were small (2­17 ng g­1 fresh weight), but these concentrations increased with increasing amount of antibiotics present in the manure. This study points out the potential human health risks associated with consumption of fresh vegetables grown in soil amended with antibiotic laden manures. The risks may be higher for people who are allergic to antibiotics and there is also the possibility of enhanced antimicrobial resistance as a result of human consumption of these vegetables.

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This message originated from or was forwarded by:
Chrys Ostrander
Chrysalis Farm @ Tolstoy
Organic Micro-permaculture
33495 Mill Canyon Rd.
Davenport, WA 99122
509-725-0610
chrys@thefutureisorganic.net
http://www.thefutureisorganic.net

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