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Re: information request: lambsquarters (fwd)
In article <9410221457.AA04250@sunsite.oit.unc.edu> you write:
> Hi! For my B.Sc. (Agric)- horticulture undergraduate project I am examining
> different seed treatments of lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.) in order to
> obtain information for a better method to increase harvestable yield of
> herbage. Yes herbage!
> I am examining this plant as it is a suitable potherb and there is a market
> for it (and it tastes good too!).
> I am looking for information about:
> - edible uses, culture, other uses (ie. cover crop, forage)
Here is what the "Plants for a Future" plant database has to say about it ...
Latin name: Chenopodium album
Botanical references: 17
Family: Chenopodiaceae
Common name: Fat hen
Habit: Annual
Deciduous/Evergreen:
Height: 0.9
Width: 0.2
Hardyness:
Range: Britain.
Habitat: A common weed of cultivated g
Soil: LMH
Shade: N
Moisture: M
Well-drained: 0
Nitrogen fixer: 0
pH: ANB
Acid: 0
Alkaline: 0
Saline: 0
Wind:
Growth rate:
Pollution:
Poor soil: 0
Drought: 0
Wildlife: 0
Woodland: 0
Meadow: 0
Wall: 0
In leaf:
Flowering time: 7 - 10
Seed ripens: 8 - 10
Flower Type: H
Pollinators: Wind
Self-fertile:
Known hazards: The leaves and seeds of all
members of this genus are
more or less edible.
However, many of the species
in this genus contain
saponins, though usually in
quantities too small to do
any harm. Although toxic,
saponins are poorly absorbed
by the body and most pass
straight through without any
problem. They are also
broken down to a large
extent in the cooking
process. Saponins are found
in many foods, such as some
beans. The plants also
contain some oxalic acid,
which in large quantities
can lock up some of the
nutrients in the food, but
they are very nutritious
vegetables in reasonable
quantities. There is also a
report that very large
quantities of the leaves
have caused photosensitivity
in some people[74]. Only the
raw leaves can cause
problems, and then only if
large quantities are
consumed[172].
Synonyms: C. reticulatum.
Cultivation details: Succeeds on most soils, but
dislikes shade[1, 200].
Prefers a moderately fertile
soil[200].
In moderate amounts this
plant is a good companion
for potatoes, corn and
cucurbits[20, 54].
Responds directly to the Mg
content of the soil so it
can be used as an
indicator[114].
Occassionally cultivated as
a food crop,[46] there is at
least one named
variety[183]. Called
'Magenta' in reference to
the colour of its leaves, it
is considered by some people
to be the best tasting of
all potherbs[183].
Edible uses: Leaves - raw or cooked[2, 4,
5, 9, 12, 20, 54, 62, 102].
A very acceptable spinach
substitute[183]. The leaves
are best not eaten raw, see
notes at the top of the
page[74]. The leaves are
generally very nutritious
but very large quantities
can disturb the nervous
system and cause gastric
pain[74]. The leaves contain
about 3.9% protein, 0.76%
fat, 8.93% carbohydrate, 3%
ash[179].
Edible seed - dried and
ground into a meal and eaten
raw or baked into a
bread[[2, 4, 12, 14, 54,
102, 183]. The seed can also
be sprouted and added to
salads[183]. The seed is
very fiddly to harvest and
use due to its small
size[9]. The seed should be
soaked in water overnight
and thoroughly rinsed before
it is used in order to
remove any saponins. Seeds
contain about 49%
carbohydrate, 16% protein,
7% ash, 5.88% ash[114, 179].
Young inflorescences -
cooked[183].
Medicinal: Antiphlogistic,
antirheumatic,
odontalgic[172].
Uses notes: A green dye is obtained
from the young shoots[99].
The crushed fresh roots are
a mild soap substitute[106].
Propagation 1: Seed - sow spring in situ.
Usually self-sows freely in
most soils.
Cultivars: -
Heavy clay: 0
Last update:16/12/93
Record checked: -
--
Nikki Locke,Trumphurst Ltd.(PC & Unix consultancy) nikki@trmphrst.demon.co.uk
trmphrst.demon.co.uk is NOT affiliated with ANY other sites at demon.co.uk.
Article 26702 of rec.gardens:
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From: HEIM@MACC.WISC.EDU (John Heim)
Newsgroups: rec.gardens,rec.birds
Subject: Landscaping for Wildlife (Shrubs & Vines)
Date: 16 Feb 1994 21:07:41 GMT
Organization: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN -- MADISON
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Landscaping for Wildlife
Shrubs and Vines
Below is a report from a database I've been putting together of plants
useful in attracting wildlife to your yard. Right now I am working on
planting some shrubs and/or vines in my yard so that's all I've included
so far. Eventually I intend to add trees and both annual and perennial
non-woody plants.
Much of the information below is from documents sent to me by Christine
Quinn. Also very useful was Walter E. Shultz's book "How to Attract,
House and Feed Birds". Most of the information on growing these plants
is from the J.W. Jung Seed & Nursery Co. catalog and from "The Readers
Digest Complete Book of the Garden"
The prices listed below are from the Jung catalog unless otherwise noted.
I've included the price in my database primarily for my own benefit
because I intend to order from Jung this year. I've included it here
because I thought you might find it useful as well. I have no affiliation
with Jung but I have order from them a lot in the past and have always
been happy.
Any corrections or additions you might have will be appreciated.
Species: Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Moist, w drain
Zones: 3+ Height: 6-8 ft
Cover: Y Nesting: Y
Flowers: JUN Berries: OCT Seeds:
Price: 4.95
Species attracted: Robin, bluebird, thrushes, catbird, vireo, flickers
Notes:
Species: Barberry, Japanese (Berberis thunbergii )
Location: Full sun Soil: Any
Zones: 4+ Height: 3-6 ft
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price: 7.95
Species attracted: Mockingbirds, waxwings, sparrows
Notes: Price is for 3 plants. "Thorns provide excellent cover and
nesting." - Shultz
Species: Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Sandy
Zones: 3+ Height:
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: 75 species
Notes: "Best food producer in Easter states." - Shultz
Species: Bittersweet (Celastrus loesneri )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Any
Zones: 3+ Height: 20 ft vine
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: AUG Berries: DEC Seeds:
Price: 4.55
Species attracted: Songbirds, gamebirds
Notes: Planting 2 or more will give better assurance of fruiting.
Species: Blackberry (Rubus species )
Location: Sun Soil: Well drained
Zones: 3+ Height: 4-6 ft
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: YES Seeds:
Price: 5.95
Species attracted: 97 bird species
Notes: Price is for 3 plants.
Species: Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium )
Location: Sun, shade Soil: Moist
Zones: Height: 20 ft
Cover: Y Nesting: Y
Flowers: AUG Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Mockingbird, waxwings, thrushes
Notes:
Species: Blueberry (Vaccinium species )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Moist acid
Zones: 5+ Height: 2-6 ft
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: MAY Berries: SEP Seeds:
Price: 5.95
Species attracted: Blubirds, thrushes, other songbirds
Notes: Some varieties hardy to zone 3.
Species: Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica )
Location: Soil: Dry
Zones: Height: 12 ft
Cover: Y Nesting: Y
Flowers: Berries: YES Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Grouse, pheasants, finches, thrashers, waxwings
Notes: "Good hedge" - Shultz
Species: Burning bush (Euonymus alata )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil:
Zones: 5+ Height: 4-5 ft
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: DEC Seeds: YES
Price: 6.95
Species attracted: Songbirds, pheasants
Notes: Needs pruning for best results.
Species: Butterfly Bush (Buddleis davidii )
Location: Full sun Soil: Well drainded
Zones: 5+ Height: 2-8 ft
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: AUG Berries: NO Seeds:
Price: 4.95
Species attracted: Hummingbirds
Notes: Blue, pink or white flowers.
Species: Cardinal Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata )
Location: Soil:
Zones: 4+ Height: 8-10 ft
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: SEP Seeds:
Price: 2.95
Species attracted: Songbirds
Notes:
Species: Coralberry (Symphoricarpus doore )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil:
Zones: 5+ Height: 3-4 ft
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price: 5.95
Species attracted: Songbirds, gamebirds
Notes:
Species: Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster species )
Location: Sun Soil: Well drainded
Zones: 3+ Height: 3-6 ft
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price: 5.95
Species attracted: Mockingbird, finches, and waxwings
Notes: Price is for 3 plants
Species: Cranberry, American (Viburnum trilobum )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Well drainded
Zones: 3+ Height: 8-10 ft
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: MAY Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price: 5.95
Species attracted: Cardinals, waxwings, thrushes, finches, woodpeckers
Notes:
Species: Current, Red (Ribes species )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Any
Zones: 3+ Height: 2-3 ft
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: AUG Seeds:
Price: 3.95
Species attracted: Catbird, jays, magpie, and robins
Notes: Not compatable with white pine.
Species: Dogwood (Cornus sericea )
Location: Sun Soil: Moist, wet
Zones: 3+ Height: 6-8 ft
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: AUG Berries: JAN Seeds:
Price: 4.25
Species attracted: Catbird, downy woodpecker, thrushes, and finches
Notes:
Species: Elderberry (Sambucus species )
Location: Sun shade Soil: Well drained
Zones: 3-9 Height: 6-8 ft
Cover: Y Nesting: Y
Flowers: AUG Berries: NOV Seeds:
Price: 6.95
Species attracted: 115 birds
Notes: Price is for 2 plants. One plant alone will not bear fruit.
Species: Firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea )
Location: Sun Soil: Well drained
Zones: Height:
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: SEP Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Waxwings, mockingbirds, and thrushes
Notes:
Species: Greenbrier ( )
Location: Soil:
Zones: Height:
Cover: Y Nesting: Y
Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Songbirds
Notes:
Species: Holly, Inkberry (Ilex glabra )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Moist
Zones: 5+ Height: 10 ft vine
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: YES Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Chickadee, titmouse, bobwhite, bluebird, robin,
catbird
Notes:
Species: Holly, Oregon Grape (Mahonia aquifolium )
Location: Shade Soil: Moist acid
Zones: 5+ Height: 4 ft vine
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: JUL Berries: SEP Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Songbirds
Notes: Not a true holly.
Species: Honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica )
Location: Sun, part shade Soil: Any
Zones: 3+ Height: 8-10 ft
Cover: Y Nesting: Y
Flowers: MAY Berries: YES Seeds:
Price: 3.95
Species attracted: Hummingbirds, songbirds
Notes:
Species: Huckleberry, black ( )
Location: Soil:
Zones: Height:
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: JUL Berries: AUG Seeds:
Price: 1.10
Species attracted: Grosbeaks, towhees, bluebirds, robins, chickadees,
catbirds
Notes: Price is for seed packet.
Species: Juniper (Juniperus chimemsis )
Location: Sun Soil: Well drainded
Zones: 2+ Height: 2-10 ft
Cover: Y Nesting: Y
Flowers: Berries: YES Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Songbirds
Notes: Dense foliage provides cover.
Species: Lilac (Syringa species )
Location: Full sun Soil: Neutral
Zones: 3+ Height: 10-15 ft
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: MAY Berries: NO Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Butterflies
Notes:
Species: Matrimony vine (Lycium halimifolium )
Location: Sun Soil: Any
Zones: Height: 10 ft vine
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: AUG Berries: DEC Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Songbirds
Notes: "Strong spines provide excellent cover" - Shultz
Species: Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Any
Zones: 3+ Height: 25 ft
Cover: Y Nesting: Y
Flowers: YES Berries: YES Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Grouse, pheasants, songbirds
Notes: Suckers will form thickets.
Species: Pasture rose (Rosa carolina )
Location: Sun Soil: Any
Zones: 3+ Height: 3 ft
Cover: Nesting: Y
Flowers: AUG Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: 40 species
Notes: "Strong spines provide best possible protection." - Shultz
Species: Privet, Amur (Ligustrum amurense )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil: Not wet
Zones: 3+ Height: 6 ft
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: YES Berries: YES Seeds:
Price: 9.95
Species attracted: Mockingbirds, waxwings, butterflies
Notes: Price is for 10 plants.
Species: Quince, flowering (Chaenomeles japonica )
Location: Sun, shade Soil: Well drainded
Zones: Height:
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: YES Berries: NO Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Hummingbirds
Notes:
Species: Raspberry (Red, Blk) (Rubus species )
Location: Full sun Soil: Any
Zones: 2+ Height: 4-6 ft
Cover: Y Nesting: Y
Flowers: Berries: JUN Seeds:
Price: 6.50
Species attracted: Songbirds
Notes: Price is for 5 plants. Will form dense thicket.
Species: Sand Cherry ( )
Location: Soil: Sandy
Zones: Height: 3 ft
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: JUL Berries: AUG Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Songbirds
Notes:
Species: Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadens )
Location: Sun, shade Soil: Any
Zones: 3-7 Height: 10-20 ft
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: JUL Seeds:
Price: 5.98
Species attracted: Songbirds
Notes: Price is from Henry Fields Seed Co.
Species: Snowberry (Symphoricarpos hybri )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil:
Zones: 4+ Height: 4-5 ft
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: JUN Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price: 4.95
Species attracted: Songbirds
Notes:
Species: Spirea, Blue Mist (Caryopteris incana )
Location: Full sun Soil: Any
Zones: Height:
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: YES Berries: NO Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Butterflies
Notes:
Species: Sumac, Cut Leaf (Rhus typhina )
Location: Soil: Any
Zones: 3+ Height: 8-10 ft
Cover: Y Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: YES Seeds:
Price: 5.95
Species attracted:
Notes:
Species: Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia )
Location: Soil:
Zones: Height:
Cover: Y Nesting: Y
Flowers: Berries: AUG Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Songbirds
Notes: Also called American Ivy. "Perhaps best producer of natural food
for birds, plant wherever possible." - Shultz
Species: Winterberry (Ilex verticillata )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil:
Zones: Height: 10 ft vine
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Songbirds
Notes:
Species: Withe rod (Viburnum cassinoides )
Location: Sun, pt shade Soil:
Zones: Height:
Cover: Nesting:
Flowers: Berries: F-W Seeds:
Price:
Species attracted: Songbirds (35 species)
Notes:
Species: Yew, Japanese (Taxus species )
Location: Sun, shade Soil: Well drainded
Zones: Height:
Cover: Y Nesting: Y
Flowers: Berries: NO Seeds: YES
Price:
Species attracted: Robin, mockingbird, sparrow
Notes:
e . .. e permaculture.page m . .. m Home.Aquaculture-guide m
CWTT.v1.n2 m Remineralize-the-Earth m Enlivened-Rock-Powders m 8 .sust-org-ag-permaculture.newsletters+magazines m , "Breed.Your.Own.Cegetable.Varieties m <