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Re: [SANET-MG] soybean rust a new dread



Replying to Dale wilson and  James Kotcom,
First it seems reasonable that since  Headline (pyroclatrobin) is
implicated in birth defects and cancer ,as you indicated, that the
information should be made available on the pesticide label or at the
very least on the MSDS (http://www.cdms.net/ldat/mp62L002.pdf) that was
included in Dale's reply. That information is critical for farm workers
and food handlers, particularly, those that may become pregnant. The
information was certainly not given in the MSDS even though the cancer
effects of the pesticide solvent is noted. I am not sure what Dale is
trying to prove other than that the corporation left out crucial safety
data (as I indicated earlier)? I suppose that we are expected to be
overjoyed that the chemical that  "saves" the soy crop may also injure a
few bystanders and workers?
Turning to the Texas cytoplasm I am including an abstract explaining the
genetics of  that interesting genetic technology that caused so much
pain to to corn growers. The point worth making is that genetic
uniformity  may be an outgrowth of  the spread one or more useful gene
that is spread by  one or more crop varieties, such uniformity  is bound
to lead to  major disease susceptibility.  I find it rather obtuse , but
pleasing to the guys  distributing  goodies, to keep demanding  a  a
clear susceptibility to any one gene before the  epidemic starts.
Epidemics are bound to start, if not from  this disease it will be the
next one. Genetic polymorphism provides some relief  provided it is
available and distributed early enough. Hope that gets through to you
and others  alike. sincerely,Joe
Plant Cell. 2001 May;13(5):1063-78.

Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is required for male
fertility in maize.
Liu F, Cui X, Horner HT, Weiner H, Schnable PS.

Some plant cytoplasms express novel mitochondrial genes that cause male
sterility. Nuclear genes that disrupt the accumulation of the
corresponding mitochondrial gene products can restore fertility to such
plants. The Texas (T) cytoplasm mitochondrial genome of maize expresses
a novel protein, URF13, which is necessary for T cytoplasm-induced male
sterility. Working in concert, functional alleles of two nuclear genes,
rf1 and rf2, can restore fertility to T cytoplasm plants. Rf1 alleles,
but not Rf2 alleles, reduce the accumulation of URF13. Hence, Rf2
differs from typical nuclear restorers in that it does not alter the
accumulation of the mitochondrial protein necessary for T
cytoplasm-induced male sterility. This study established that the rf2
gene encodes a soluble protein that accumulates in the mitochondrial
matrix. Three independent lines of evidence establish that the RF2
protein is an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The finding that T
cytoplasm plants that are homozygous for the rf2-R213 allele are male
sterile but accumulate normal amounts of RF2 protein that lacks normal
mitochondrial (mt) ALDH activity provides strong evidence that
rf2-encoded mtALDH activity is required to restore male fertility to T
cytoplasm maize. Detailed genetic analyses have established that the rf2
gene also is required for anther development in normal cytoplasm maize.
Hence, it appears that the rf2 gene was recruited recently to function
as a nuclear restorer. ALDHs typically have very broad substrate
specificities. Indeed, the RF2 protein is capable of oxidizing at least
three aldehydes. Hence, the specific metabolic pathway(s) within which
the rf2-encoded mtALDH acts remains to be discovered.

Dale Wilson wrote:

Joe,



However, the information provided on Headline by BASF was
that they did not have information on birth defects and cancer



I think you must be mistaken.  I can turn up abundant toxicological
information on pyraclostrobin, including teratogenesis, in 10 seconds
on the web.

http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/toxsums/pdfs/5759.pdf
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2002/September/Day-27/p24487.htm
http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2004_register&docid=fr29oc04-22
http://www.cdms.net/ldat/mp62L002.pdf

There are data gaps among some of the triazoles being considered for
Section 18 labels for soybean rust control.  Maybe you are confusing
pyraclostrobin with one of those.

Your claim that no Toxicological studies have been done on
Pyraclostrobin is absurd and misleading.



2. Regarding your claim that the RR trait is outbred:



The RR trait is one among many traits that are routinely inserted into
varieties by soybean breeders.  It is super-easy to transfer RR by
backcrossing because you can spray with glyphosate to select.



Your encouragement that  RRsoy should be bred with other strains
would, I believe result in a visit from a gaggle of layers and other
goons form Monsanto!



Multitudes of seed companies pay royalties to Monsanto to use the RR
trait.  They backcross the trait into their proprietary germplasm.
This isn't anything new or exotic.



however, I think you are very brave to have confessed  to breeding RR
soy on the sly!



No Joe, I would not do that.  I would not want to tangle with Monsanto!



Regarding  your "authoritative" comments on Texas cytoplasm:  The
T cytoplasm in a locus that resides on the mitochondrial chromosome
of maize. Please excuse me, but your comment on "whole" cytoplasm


just


suggest that you did not take time to look it up!



The genetic vulnerability of TMS cytoplasm involves the whole cytoplasm
due to the way cytoplasmic male sterility is handled in a breeding
program.  Because the cytoplasmic genes make very little difference in
most overt behavior of varieties, and because non-nuclear genetics are
not amenable to ordinary sexual breeding methods, cytoplasms are
handled as units.  They are transferred to new varieties simply by
maintaining a female lineage.  So in 1970, the majority of corn in
North America shared a whole bunch of genes (TMS cytoplasm), all the
genes in the mitchondria and plastids.  That was a much more serious
vulnerability than sharing a single gene.



Or perhaps you have founded a new area of genetics?



Look Joe, don't get cute with me.  If you want to get technical, let's
do it, but cut the crap.

Dale



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