–T–

Tables:–

a. The fifteen separate voyages of the Dutch to the Indies, v7.p292

b. Ships sent on the first voyage of the English East India Company in 1601, v7.p292

c. The first nine voyages of the English East India Company, v7.p293

d. Marine records of the four voyages of the first Joint Stock, v7.p294

Tadmor, v6.p2

Tadmur (Palmyra), name suggested and adopted for the new city al-Mahfuzah, v5.p18

Tadwadi (or Madwa) Weistnouwa, a sub-sect of the Brahmans, v9.p252, v9.pp255–256

Taghan Khan, king of Turkistan, envoy of, visits Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p55

Taghi Khan, a commander of the left wing of Sultan Mahmud’s army, v5.p206

Taghlak Shah II, son of Fath Khan

Appointed to rule the realm of Firoz Shah, v3.p158

Death of, v3.p161

Taghlak

Warden of the marches under Ala-ad-din, afterwards made king, v3.p119, v3.p127

Death of, in 1326, v3.p129

House of, dynastic list of the, v3.p253

House of, Mohammedan dynasty, v3.p63

Leads his army to Bengal, v3.p129

Marches against Khusru Khan, to save Delhi, v3.p127

Order restored in Delhi by, v3.p128

Taghlakabad, suburb of Delhi, founded by Taghlak, v3.p137

Taghlak-pur, Timur encamps at, v5.p195

Ta-hia, Chinese name for Bactrians, v2.p221

Tahirids, Persian dynasty, decline of the, v5.p24

Taila II and III, Chalukya kings, v2.p356, v2.p358

Taj Mahal at Agra

Architect of the, v4.pp100–101

Description of the, v4.pp100–102

Taj-ad-din Sanjar escapes from the prison of Katlagh Khan and reaches Bahraich, v5.p127

Taj-ad-din Yildiz, Sultan of Ghazni

Death of, v5.p97

Defeated and captured by Shams-ad-din Altamish at Narain, v5.p97

Defeated by the army of Khwarizm, v5.p97

Flees after defeat at hands of Kutb-ad-din, v5.p91

Makes a treaty with Shams-ad-din Altamish, v5.p97

Taj-al-malik Mahmud directed by Shams-ad-din Altamish to name Raziya as heiress to the kingdom and throne, v5.p105

Taj-al-mulk Kafuri, tomb of, repaired by Firoz Shah, v5.p167

Takinabad, Mohammad Ghori assigned to, v5.p78

Talikot, battle of, and overthrow of the Vijayanagar kingdom (1564), v6.p82

Talikot, battle of, in 1565, v7.p218

Tamerlane, see Timur

Tamerlane, see Timur.

Tamil, states, v2.p141

Hostility to Ceylon, v2.p168

Language boundary, v2.p372

Tamim ibn Zaid al-Utbi

Appointed to frontier of Sind, v5.p17

Death of, v5.p17

Tamluk, probably = Tamralipti, v2.p141

Tamralipti = Tamluk

Tana, a town in north-eastern Africa, Osman ibn Abu-I-Asi sends an army against, v5.p2

Tana, city near Bombay, Arab expedition to, in 637, v3.p3

Tanjore, v4.p155

Tanjore, district, v2.p107

Great temple at, v2.p376

Tanjore

The English intervene at the banishment of a prince of, v8.pp114–115

Fruitlessly raided by the French, v8.p142

Tanka, a copper coin, forgeries of, v3.p141

Gold and silver, the standard currency of Mohammad Taghlak, v3.p142

Gold, introduced by Balban, v3.p76

Gold, rise in value of, v3.p141

Silver, corresponds in weight to English florin, v3.p76

Silver, standard coin in India in the thirteenth century, v3.p76

Taprobane, Greek name of Ceylon, v1.p207

Tapti, a river of the Bombay presidency, v7.p26

Tapti, valley of, in the Deccan, retains its independence, v3.p186

Tarai pillar inscriptions, v2.p148

Tardi Beg, defeated in battle, v4.p3

Tariff under Ala-ad-din, v3.p117

Tartar Khan, embassy of Louis IX to the, on the Black Sea (1253), v6.p36

Tartars, Franciscan friars sent by Pope Clement IV to the, in Persia (1245), v6.p36

Tartars, repelled by Ala-ad-din, v5.p142

Tartary, Cathay or Cataya, a name applied vaguely to, v6.pp175–176

Frobisher’s expedition to reach (1577), v6.pp184–185

Tatar Gakkar

Blockades his cousin Hati Gakkar, v5.p230

Ruler of hill country between Nilab and Bahrah, v5.p229

Submits to Daulat Khan, v5.p230

Tatar Khan, a general under Firoz Shah, v3.p155

Tavernier, a French traveller in India, v4.p66, v4.p92

Describes Aurangzib’s asceticism, v4.p122

Quoted, v4.p133, v4.p180

Tax, religious, abolished, v4.p121

See also Jizya

Taxation

Effect of, on natives, in the reign of Mohammad Taghlak, v2.pp135–136

In the Doab in the reign of Ala-ad-din, v3.p117

Under Akbar, v4.p16, v4.pp27–29, v4.p32

Under Ala-ad-din, v3.p107, v3.p110

Under Aurangzib, v4.p219

Under Firoz Shah, as laid down in the Koran, v3.p150

Under Mohammad Taghlak, v3.p136

Under Shah Jahan, v4.p92

Taxes, v1.pp209–210

Some exempt from paying, v1.p209

Taxila, a great city, v2.p43

“Ten Tribes”, country of, v2.p323

A ruined city of Northern India, v9.p7

Customs of the people of, v9.pp53–54

Fixed government of, v9.p18

Manua administration of, v2.p118

Satraps of, subject to Kashmir in sev-enth century, v2.p317

Seat of Hindu learning, v2.p56

Submitted to Alexander, v2.p64

Teachers, individual, in Brahmanic period v1.p144

Teaching of the Golden Mean, v1.p290

Tearkon the Ethiopian advances as far as Europe, v9.p4

Teheran, Peacock Throne taken to palace of the Shah of Persia at, v5.p323

Telingana, region of the Deccan, v3.p119, v3.p129

Ala-ad-din’s army encamps at, v5.p144

Lost to the Bahmanid Sultans, v3.p192

Raja of, sends elephants for use of Ma-ad-din, v5.p144

Tributary to Delhi, v3.p137

Tellicherri

An important base of operations in case of war, v9.p321

Description of, by William Francklin, v9.pp319–322

Fortifications of, v9.pp319–320

Siege of, v9.p320

Strength of the garrison of, in time of peace, v9.p321

Temple, Sir William, negotiator of the Triple Alliance, v8.p39

Temples, Hindu, destroyed by Aurangzib, v4.p121

Temples, unknown in the Vedic period, v1.p5

Not mentioned in the Rig-Veda, v1.p62, v1.p76

Ten fetters, Buddhist, breaking of the, v1.p307

Kings, battle of the, v1.p37, v1.p38

Tenasserim provinces, annexation of, v8.p390

Tennyson, poem of, entitled “Dream of Akbar”, v4.p40

Ternate, in the Moluccas, shakes off the Portuguese yoke, v7.p39

Sultan of, enters into an alliance with the Dutch for protection against a Spanish-Portuguese armada, v7.p72

Sultan of, friendly to English, v7.p76

Terry, Rev. Edward, at Jahangir’s court, v4.p79

Thanesar = Sthanvisvara, v2.p294

Thanesar, a city in the Panjab

Mahmud of Ghazni fights a battle near, v3.p24

Mahmud of Ghazni attacks chief of, and is victorious, v5.pp63–64

Sacred lake at, v4.p11

Thaneswar

Highly venerated by the Hindus, v9.p177

A sacred pond at, v9.p197

Reasons for the sanctity of, v9.p199

Thankar conquered in 1195 A.D. by Mu’izz-ad-din, v5.p90

Thatta, city of Sind, unsuccessful expedition of Mohammad Taghlak against, v3.p145

Unsuccessful expedition of Firoz Shah against, v3.p148

Thebes, ancient trade emporium, v6.p21

Theft, punishment of, v1.p221

Theodosia, ancient trade emporium, v6.p16

Thevenot, travels of, in India, v4.p56

Thirty Years’ War, v8.p28

Thomas, Edward, citation from, v3.p140

Thomas, Saint, v2.p208

Thorne, Master Robert, advocates the North-west Passage (1527), v6.p176

Thrake, Sesostris conducts an army to, v9.p4

Throne, Hindu, description of a, v9.p132

Thylde, Captain, western explorations of (1480), v6.p173

Tibet invaded by Shah Jahan, v5.pp327–330

Tibet, Buddhism in, in the seventh century A.D., v1.p280

Tibet

Kambojas of, v2.p160

Relations of India with, v2.p322

Tidore, One of the Moluccas

King of, appeals to England in 1605 for help against the Dutch, v7.p76

made over to Portugal by Spain (1529), v6.p127

Becomes a source of tribute to Spain, which tribute was paid in cloves, v6.p127

Spanish-Portuguese claim to, acknowledged by England (1599), v6.p227

Tigers in India, size of, v9.p30

Tilak Ghunan, arrival of Timur at, v5.p193

Tilak

Appointed commander in the Panjab, v3.p44

Personality of, v3.p45

Timber in ancient Indian buildings, v2.p125

Time, Chinese account of Hindu measures of, v9.p126

Timoja, famous corsair in the East

Assists the Portuguese in the taking of Goa (1510), v6.p116, v6.p132

Is largely rewarded, v6.p133

Dies opportunely for the Portuguese (1511), v6.p134

Timur, (Timur Lang, Tamerlane), v4.p13, v4.p181, v4.p188

Accepts a ransom for his prisoners at Delhi, v3.p167

Army of, breaks restraint and plunders Delhi, v5.pp217–218

Army of, pillage and massacre at Delhi unrestrained, v2.pp167–168

Burns city of ruler of Kator, v5.p188

Castilian embassy to (1402), v6.p37

Conquests of, afford Babar a claim to the Panjab, v3.p204

Conquests of, in India, v2.pp161–169

Decision of, to invade India, v3.p162

Defeats Mahmud, v5.p210

Defeats Turks at Angora (1402), v6.p37

Descent of army of, from mountain of Kator, v5.p186

Description of battle of, with Mahmud, v5.pp207–209

Description of the taking of Delhi by, v2.pp165–167

Drives the Knights Hospitallers from Smyrna to Rhodes (1403), v6.p13

Dynasty of, downfall of the, v3.p201

Fords the Jumna and begins to strengthen his position, v5.p204

Gathers army for conquest of Hindustan, v5.p183

Holds council on invasion of Hindustan, v5.pp175–179

Holds court and instructs his army in the art of war, v5.pp201–202

Invasion of India by (1398–1399), v6.p82

Last sovereign of the race of, dies in exile at Rangoon, v3.p201

Leaves India, v3.p169

Line of march of, after leaving Samarkand in 1398, v3.p165

March of, against Kator one of great hardship, v5.pp185–186

Message of, to inhabitants of Kator, v5.p189

Moghul invader of India, v3.p63

Orders that all infidel prisoners be put to death, v5.pp202–203

Prayers said in name of, at the Jami’ Masjid at Delhi, v5.p214

Prisoners of, at Delhi, sent to Samarkand to teach the handicrafts of India, v3.p167

Proposed expedition of, against Hindustan, v5.pp174–175

Reconnoitres about the Jahan-numa, v5.p200

Return of, to Samarkand, v5.p222

Sets up his throne in Delhi and holds court there, v5.p212, v5.pp214–215

Sets watches at gates of Delhi to prevent the escape of inhabitants, v5.p212

Spares all clever artisans of Delhi that he may employ them in building up his new empire, v5.p219

Spares lives of Kators embracing Mohammedanism, v5.p189

Takes Jammu, v3.p169

Takes Nagarkot, v3.p169

Victorious at Hardwar, v3.p169

Victorious at Mirat, v3.p168

Timur Shah, son of Ahmad Shah, v4.p228, v4.p229, v4.p231, v4.p233, v4.p248

Tipara, district of Bengal, scanty knowledge of, v3.p174

Tippu of Mysore

Allied with the French, v8.p304, v8.p307

Attacks Travancore, v8.p286

Besieged in Seringapatam, v8.p310

Character of, v8.pp311–312

Death of, v8.p310

Return of, from the Isle of France, v8.p307

Sends embassies to Constantinople and Paris, v8.p285

Signs a treaty of peace ceding territory to the English, v8.p287

Treaty of peace with, v8.p257

Tirhut, city of Bengal, north of the Ganges, v2.p34

Mints of Mohammad Taghlak at, v3.p143

Tishyarakshita, a legendary queen of Asoka, v2.p175

Tissa, King of Ceylon, v2.p168

Tissa, son of Moggali, v1.p319

Tivara, a son of Asoka, v2.p175

Tobacco, counterblast of Jahangir against, v4.p59

Todar Mal, a famous Rajput, finance minister of Akbar, v4.p23, v4.p28, v4.p27, v4.p29

Liberal policy of, in opening offices to Hindus, v4.p30

Policy of, in land taxation, v4.p31

Token currency of Mohammad Taghlak, v2.pp139–142

Tokharistan governed by Ya’kub ibn Lais, v5.p26

Tolak, commander of fort at Sarhind, v5.p84

Tolerance, Akbar’s religious, v4.p15, v4.p51, v4.p60

Tolowa, an extinct sub-caste of the Sudras, v9.p246

Tolstoi, Count, Russian author and reformer, v4.p122

Tomaras, Hindu dynasty at Delhi and Kanauj, v3.p23

Succeeded by the rajas of Kanauj, v3.p68

Tomb of Babar still a place of pilgrimage, v3.p223

Tong-she-hu, Turkish chief, v2.p322

Tonsure, ceremony of, v1.p247

Toramana, Hun chief, v2.p286

Torbay

First voyage of East India Company sails from (1601), v6.p246

Squadron of the East India Company starts from, v7.p2

Tordesillas, treaty of (1494), between Spain and Portugal, and Papal division of the new world, v6.pp61–67, v6.p197

Torna, a castle near Poona, v4.p153

Tosali, city, v2.p118, v2.p142

Toscanelli, Florentine astronomer, letter and chart of, quoted, v6.p58

Towerson, Gabriel

Alone specified by name in Dutch accusation of the Amboyna victims, v7.p124

Burned by the natives at Bantam, v7.p13

Chief agent of the English East India Company at Amboyna, v7.p118

Confiding character of, and his friendship for Van Speult, v7.pp134–139

Declares his innocence, v7.p123, v7.p125

Dying declaration of, written in a Bible, v7.p125

Execution of, v7.pp127–128, v7.p136

Innocence of, asserted on a bill of debt, v7.p125

Marries the widow of Captain William Hawkins, v7.p134

Seized and imprisoned by the Dutch, v7.p118

Torture of, v7.p127

Towns, Hindu, Hivan Tsang’s description of, v9.pp130–131

Towns, stone-built, v1.p27

Plan of, in Brahmanic and Epic periods, v1.p150

Trade

Affected by the Crusades, v6.p12

Distinction between private and licensed, v6.p253

Early, at Ceylon, v6.pp24–27, v6.p29, v6.p78

Early, at Malabar, v6.p23, v6.p24, v6.p29, v6.p75, v6.p81

Early, at Malacca, v6.p27, v6.p29, v6.p78

Northern European, v6.pp34–35, v6.pp172–216, v6.pp220–221

Of Ceuta, v6.pp43–44

Papal influence on maritime discovery and, in fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, v6.p59, v6.pp63–66, v6.p85, v6.p95,116:117, v6.pp167–168, v6.p173

Private, “pass system” ineffectual to check, v6.p161

Private, a source of political weakness, v6.p157

Private, abortive efforts of the Portuguese to check, v6.p158

Private, English forbidden by the charter of 1600 to indulge in, v6.p231

Private, from port to port defies all control, v6.pp155–156

Private, ruins the royal trade, v6.pp155–157

Private, the result of inadequate salaries, v6.pp162–163

Profits accruing to Portuguese sea-captains from private, v6.p153

Ships’ crews allowed to indulge in a small way, in private, v6.pp154–155

Value of Oriental, in 1615, v8.p13

With Arabs, v4.p54

Trade routes, v8.p3

Ancient, in the hands of Semitic races, v6.pp3–10, v6.p29

Blocked by the Turks, v6.p1, v6.p19, v6.pp31–33, v6.p202, v6.p205, v6.p207, v6.p208

Captured by Romans, v6.pp9–11

Captured by Saracens, v6.pp11–13

Captured by Turks, v6.p13, v6.pp31–35

Closing of the old Asiatic, v6.pp1–35

Early Chinese, v6.pp27–31

Indo-Egyptian, v6.pp19–24, v6.pp29–33, v6.pp77–78, v6.pp124–127, v6.pp151–153, v6.p167

Middle or Syrian, v6.p1, v6.pp2–14, v6.pp31–32

Northern, or Black Sea, v6.p1, v6.pp13–20, v6.pp32–35, v6.pp36–37

Portuguese, Dutch, and English, with India, v4.p54,515, v4.p94, v4.p96

Power gained by command of, v6.p2

Security of, menaced, v8.p3

Southern, or Red Sea and Egyptian, v6.p1, v6.pp20–33, v6.p78, v6.p124

Struggle for the, v6.p1, v6.pp5–34

Under Aurangzib, v4.p143, v4.p144

Trajan, v6.p11

Indian embassy to, v2.p226

Transmigration of souls, v1.p308

Doctrine of, v1.p179

Extract concerning, in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, v1.pp179–180

According to Sankhya philosophy, v1.pp256–257

In Nyaya philosophy, v1.pp263–264

According to Vedanta philosophy, v1.p271

Travel, maritime, not forbidden in ancient India, v1.p60

Travellers

Asoka’s provision for, lt33

Harsha’s institutions for, v2.p305

European, in India, v4.p51, v4.p139

See also Andersen, Bernier, Careri, Mandelslo, Manrique, Olearius, Ovington

Treaties

1386 between England and Portugal, v6.p40

1489 between England and Portugal, v6.p172, (1572), v6.p204

1479 of Alcagora between Spain and Portugal, v6.p62

1494 of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal,), v6.p64, v6.p65, v6.p197

1500 Portuguese, with Cochin, v6.p86

1503 Portuguese, with Quilon, v6.p90, (1520), v6.p123

1507 Portuguese, with Ormuz, v6.p100, (1523), v6.p123

1513 Portuguese, with Calicut, v6.p120, (1515, 1540), v6.p121

1528 Portuguese, with Tidore, v6.p171, v6.p172

1534 Portuguese, with Gujarat, v6.p128

1560 Portuguese, with Amene, v6.p127

1598 of Vervins, v6.p225

1619 between Dutch and English, terms of, v7.pp92–94

1619 between England and Holland, v7.pp109–110, v7.p113, v7.p143, v7.p145

1619 to be binding for twenty years, v7.p94

1634–35 Of Surat, in, the basis of the settlement of the Indies, v7.p210

1654 between King John IV of Portugal and Cromwell, dated Westminster, July 10, marks the end of the old Portuguese monopoly, v7.p57

1673 between France, England, and Portugal against Holland, v8.p39

A factor in European diplomacy, v6.p131

Of Southampton, v7.p190

Policy of Portugal in Asia, v6.pp119–120

Trebizond, v6.p14, v6.pp18–19

Treta age, v1.p136

Trevor, “Rhymes of Rajputana”, ballad from, on the suttee of Gorah’s wife, v9.pp118–119

Triad of the Buddhists, v1.p299

Tribes

Chiefs of, as kings, v1.p5

Five, of the Panjab, v1.p50

Indian, number of, one hundred and eighteen, v1.p215

Trichinopoli, English send reinforcements to, v8.p119

French retire from, v8.p120

Trichinopoli, southern limit of kingdom of Vijayanagar, v3.p188

Trichinopoly, a city and district of the Madras Presidency, v4.p164

Trincomali, harbour of

Captured from the Dutch by the English, v8.p154

Captured from the French by the Dutch, v8.p37

Occupied by the French, v8.p37

Retaken by Suffren, v8.pp154–155

Triparadeisos, partition of, v2.p99, v2.p104

Triple Alliance formed by England, Holland, and Sweden against France in 1668, v8.pp37–38

Trisaa, mother of Mahavira, v1.p323

Troops, Delhi, desert to the cause of Tughril, v3.p88

Division among, of booty secured at Delhi and Agra, v3.p208

Troy, fall of, v6.p3

Truce of 1634–35 between the Viceroy of Goa and the English of Surat, v7.p209

Truthfulness, duty of, v2.p157

Tschectea, see Saktis

Tseh-kia, kingdom in Panjab, v2.p317

Tughril Beg, Seljuk king of Khorasan, v3.p37

Tughril, fifteenth governor of Bengal, v3.p87

Camp of, attacked by Balban, v2.pp89–90

Death of, v3.p90

Defeated by Balban, v2.pp88–90

First and second armies sent against, defeated, v3.p88

The usurper of Bengal, v2.pp87–88

Tulu language, v2.p167, v2.p363

Tulughma, national Moghul manoeuvres, v3.p206

Tungabhadra, river of Madras, southern limit of the Bahmanid kings of the Deccan, v3.p186

Southern boundary of kingdom of Vijayanagar, v3.p188

Tura, son of Kavasha, v1.p132

Turkey, English diplomatic relations with, v7.p278

Company, faulty analogy of the, with East India Company, v7.pp277–278

Company, East India Company originally but slightly different from the, v7.p280

Turkey, Sultan of, v4.p14

Treaty of, v4.p72

War of, with Hungary, v4.p167

Turki kings of Kabul, v2.p328

Turkish

Conquest of Egypt (1516–1517), v6.pp32–33, v6.p97, v6.p103, v6.p109, v6.pp125–126

Struggle with Portugal for the command of the Indian seas, v6.p93, v6.pp97–98, v6.p99, v6.p139, v6.p167

Struggle centres around Aden, v6.pp124–125

Turkish language, v4.p62, v4.p96

Turkman, v4.p3

Turkmantchai, treaty of, v8.pp396–397

Turkomans, Parthians resembled, v2.p199

Turks (or Rumes)

Albuquerque haunted by fear of the, v6.p103, v6.p115

Attack Diu (1545), Malacca (1547) , and sack Muscat (1551, 1581), v6.p110

Attacked by Portugal in European and Asiatic waters (1506–1507), v6.p99

Block the Eastern trade-routes in the fifteenth century, v6.p1, v6.p19, v6.pp31–34, v6.p202, v6.p205, v6.p207, v6.p208

Capture the Black Sea factories (1475), v6.p19

Capture the Constantinople trade-route (1453), v6.p19, v6.p31, v6.p33

Capture the Syrian route, v6.p12, v6.p13, v6.p208

Crush the naval forces of Venice at Zonchio and Lepanto (1499), v6.p32

Defeated at Lepanto (1571), v6.p111

Destroyed Him Asiatic empire, v2.p290

Dominant race from Egypt to Samarkand, v3.p17

Dominate the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf in the early part of the sixteenth century, v8.pp5–6

English trade with the, v6.p205, v6.p222

Fail at Rhodes, but conquer Otranto, v6.p32

Heirs of the Ephthalites, v2.p322

In India, v3.p14

In Persia, v3.p17

Invasion of Persia by the Seljuk (1038), v6.p13

Plunder Delhi, v5.pp215–217

Real Mohammedan conquerors of India, v3.p2

Southerly migrations of, v3.p16

Supremacy of the, in the Mediterranean, v6.pp31–34, v6.p209

Under Chingiz Khan ravage Poland (1206), v6.p13

Tushaspa, Asoka’s Persian governor, v2.p122

Twelve Chapters, the first book used in the education of the young, v9.p136

Twelve Years’ Truce of 1609, v7.p78

Twice-born men, caste of, v1.pp136–137

Tyre

Ancient trade emporium, v6.pp2–5, v6.p9

Eclipsed by Alexandria, v6.p21

Tyriaspes, satrap of the Paropanisadai, v2.p43, v2.p88

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