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Oppiliappan List Archive: Message 00296 Jul 2004

 
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Dear BhakthAs:

The work of the Thiruvananthapuram based 
Indian Science Heritage Institute is important 
for all of us having pride in the Vedic as well as 
Scientific heritages( www.iish.org)

I am pleased to forward a posting in Thiruvenkatam list
in this context .

Oppiliappan Koil V.SaThakOpan 

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "jasn sn" <jayasartn@xxxxxxxxx>
To: <tiruvenkatam@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Sent: Friday, July 30, 2004 11:37 PM
Subject: [t'venkatam] Vedic maths from iish.org


> INDIAN HERITAGE  IN MATHEMATICS
>  
> 
> Ancient Indian Number System
>  
> 
> Use of  numbers for presenting  data on  length,
> breadth and area of the Yajna saala (sacrificial/
> ritual hall) can be seen  in all the  four important
> Sulbasutras ( namely, Boudhayana, Apastamba, Katyayana
> and Manava Sulbasutras).  Some of these books 
> chronologically belong to the same period as those of
> Yajur Vedic texts.
> 
>  
> 
> Opinion put forth by Professor Neugebauer on the
> mathematical content in these texts attracts great
> attention of the subject experts. "From the time of
> Samhitas, the Vedic Indians used  the  decimal scale
> without the use of symbols.  the expressions of
> numbers of the scale.   Eka, dasa,.......  upto 18 th
> power of 10 were given in Sulbasutras.... ...   The
> successive placing of dasa,  sata, sahasra,  etc. is
> obvious proof for the decimal places....." says
> Neugebauer,  in his celebrated  book "The Exact
> Sciences in Antiquity"(PP 10, 13-14).  In the comment
> without the use of symbols  Neugebauer might  have
> meant only that in the text the numbers are  not given
> in symbols.  It cannot be taken as an observation on
> the non-existence of  symbols for writing numbers. 
> Because in Rig Veda, it is mentioned  give thousand
> cows whose ears are marked with the number eight (
> ashtakarnya).  Marking a number eight  shows 
> knowledge in symbols for  number system.
> 
>  
> 
> It is important to note here that when Greeks were
> using only up to a maximum value Myriad  (10000) and
> Romans , Millie (1000), Indians could go  upto 18th
> power of 10 in the  mathematical number values during
> the Vedic  period itself.  Dr. Hopkins gives a better
> picture of the  Greek mathematicians of the 1st
> millennia BC.  He  says,  "before the 6th century BC,
> all these religious and philosophical ideas of
> Pythagorus  were current in India". The  well known
> philosopher of ancient Greek, Appolonius has mentioned
> that  Pythagorus went to India and was taught by
> Brahmins, on the geometrical rules.  Not much is known
> about the European knowledge of mathematics  after
> Pythagorus and Euclid, for nearly a thousand years.
> 
>  
> 
> It has been told that Leonardo Fibonancii of Pisa
> spread Hindu numerals in Europe.  By 1228 AD,  he
> wrote  a  book  focussing on Indian mathematics namely
> Liber abaci. Historians   say that Liber abaci is the
> stepping stone for the West to the modern mathematics.
> Evidences are many for  this inference. The numerical
> words penta (pancha), hexa (shasta), septa (sapta),
> octa (ashta), nona (nava), deca (desa)... penta deca
> (pancha dasa),.. octa deca (ashta dasa).... etc. are
> still used in the Western number systems  by the 
> Europeans and the English which  are given in Rig
> Veda.
> 
>  
> 
> Albiruni's book  written  in 1030 AD namely Tarik al
> Hind (Chronicles of India) says that  the numeral
> signs which we (the people of the West) use are
> derived from the finest forms of the Hindu signs .  A
> glimpse on the development of mathematics in the
> second half of the first millennia AD in India will
> definitely give an insight on the real Indian
> contributions prior to Leonardo Fibonancii.
> 
>    To be continued.
>  
> 
> Please send this document to everyone you know.
> Remember, it is your, mine and our duty, privilege and
> responsibility to learn, teach and spread our
> Heritage.
> 
>  
> 
> Compiled by
> Indian Institute of  Scientific Heritage
> Ushus, Estate Road, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram,
> 695 018, Kerala,India.
> 
> Ph. 0471-490149, www.iish.org



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