Ajubat-az-Zaman Afsah-al-Ajam Siraj-ad-din Minhaj, appointed judge of the army of Hindustan, v5.p82
Abastanoi, tribe, v2.p88
Abbad ibn Ziyad makes war on Hind, v5.p4
Victorious at Kandahar, v5.pp4–5
Abbas Khan, historian of Sher Shah, v3.p230
Abbasid caliphs founded capital at Baghdad, v3.p16
Abdal, lord of the marches of Tibet, retires to fort of Kaharphucha, v5.p328
Abd-al-Hakk, an architect of the reign of Firoz Shah, v3.p151
Abd-al-Hamid
Mohammedan historian, selection from, v5.pp320–323
Extract from Padshah Namah of, regarding Kasim Khan’s siege of Hugli, v6.pp277–283
Extract from Padshah Namah of, regarding Shah Jahan’s anti-Christian measures, v6.pp283–284
Abdallah ibn Suar-al-Abdi
Sent to the frontier of Hind, v5.p4
Slain by the Turks after his return to Kikan, v5.p4
Abd-an-Nabi, chancellor under Akbar, v4.p30, v4.p46
Abd-ar-Rahman becomes Amir of Afghanistan under British protection, v8.pp443–444
Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Abu Muslim Mughallis al-Abdi
Appointed to the frontier of Sind under the Abbasids, v5.p18
Proceeds against Mansur ibn Jamhur al-Kalbi, but is slain by him, v5.p18
Abd-ar-Razzak, a noble of Golkonda, v4.p162
Abhidhamma Pitaka, contains Buddhist metaphysics, v1.p283
Abhidharmas, v9.p139
Abhisara, country in lower hills, v2.p64, v2.p66, v2.p67, v2.p75
Abi-al-futuh, ruler of Multan
Evil doings of, v5.pp49–50
Takes his property and deserts Multan, v5.p51
Abisaros (Abhisara), an Indian king, v9.p19
Abish, Persian queen, v5.p103
Aborigines, wars with, v1.p30
Description of, in Rig-Veda, v1.pp34–35
First Hinduized, v1.p37
Formed Sudra caste, v1.p84
Abraham and his descendants, settlements of, in Asia Minor and Egypt, v6.p4
Abu Abdallah Mohammad ibn Ibrahim at-Tai
Commander of vanguard of army of Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p58
Wounded in battle with Nidar Bhim, v5.p62
Abu Bekr, grandson of Firoz Shah, v3.p161
Abu Hanifa of Kufa, a Mohammedan Imam, v5.p88
Doctrines of, fostered by Aurangzib, v5.p334
Abu Muslim, v5.p18
Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Mohammad Farghuni, ruler of Juzjan, v5.p54
Abu Zaid of Ziraf, historian, quoted, v6.p79
Abu-l-Ash’as, death of, at Kusdar, v5.p5
Abu-l-Aswad Jahm ibn Zahr-al-Ju’fi joins Mohammad ibn Kasim on the borders of Sind, v5.p7
Abu-l-Dalhat al-Munabba ibn Assad as-Sami, of tribe of Kuraish, amir of Multan, v5.p27
Abu-l-Fazl
Becomes Akbar’s treasurer at Delhi, v4.p46
Commands an army for Akbar in the Deccan, v4.p48, v4.pp201–213
Death of, v4.p69
Guides religious discussions at the court, v4.p39
Maligns Islam to Akbar, v5.p281
On Persian painting, v4.p38
Pantheistic views of, v4.p42
Persian scholar, historian, premier, and leader, at Akbar’s court, v4.p15, v4.p26, v4.p33, v4.p34, v4.p36, v4.p44, v4.p45
Translates Gospels of Christ for Akbar, v4.pp40–41
Value of the Akbarnamah of, v4.p47
Verses of, on God, v4.p40
Abulfeda on the importance of Malacca, v6.p29
Abu-l-Hasan, king of Golkonda, v4.p160
Defeat of, v4.pp161–163
Abu-l-Mundar Omar ibn Abdallah, of the tribe of Kuraish, governor of Mansura, v5.p27
Abu-l-Samma, later governor of Sind, attends Daud ibn Yazid ibn Hatim into Sind, v5.p21
Abyssinia
Albuquerque’s project to turn the Nile through the mountains of, v6.p103, v6.p104
Early Christianity in, v6.p60, v6.p61
Holy Relics from, v6.p108
The country of Prester John, v6.p61
The Portuguese travellers Covilham and Paiva reach, v6.p60, v6.p61
Achin, Raja of
Enters into a treaty with the Dutch, in 1600, for the establishment of a resident factory, v7.p68
Raja of, finds that his Sumatra vassals have pledged allegiance to Dutch, v7.p39
Achin, Sumatra
Arrival of Lancaster’s squadron at, v7.p2
First strategic point in Dutch policy, v7.p68
Acre
Ancient trade-route through, v6.p2
Egyptian merchant fleets sailed around, v6.p23
Act of 1813 throws open Indian trade to England as a nation, v7.p272
Actions, five, in Vaisesika philosophy, v1.p266
Acts, in Nyaya philosophy, v1.p263
Acts, two, passed by Parliament in 1773, v8.p229
Adams, William
Death of, v7.p22
Imprisoned by the Emperor of Japan, but subsequently released and given a large estate, v7.pp21–22
Influence of, gains trade privileges for the Dutch in Japan, v7.p22
Native festival celebrated in Japan commemorating residence of, v7.p22, v7.p25
Permanent residence of, in Japan, v7.p22
Pilot-major of a Dutch fleet in 1598, v7.p21
Aden
An important trade centre, v8.p2
Blockaded and besieged by the Portuguese, v6.p104, v6.p109, v6.p124, v6.pp125–126, v6.p140, v6.p141, v6.pp146–147, v6.p152
British protectorate of, v8.p474
Captured by the Turks under Solyman (1538), v6.p125
Its command of the Red Sea route, v6.p104, v6.p109, v6.pp124–126, v6.pp146–147, v6.p168
Occasional submission of, to Portugal, v6.p125
Passes again to the Arabs (1630), v6.p126
Sultan of Cairo attempts to take, v6.p125
Adham Khan, foster-brother of Akbar, v4.p7
Death of, v4.p8
Adhvaryus, class of Vedic priests, duties of, v1.p86
Adil Khan attacks Goa, v6.p143
Adil Shah murders the son of Islam Shah, v3.p241
Adil Shah, Yusuf, king of Bijapur and Goa, v6.pp132–133
Adil Shahs, dynasty of Bijapur, v3.p192
Adil Shahs, dynasty of the, v4.p106, v4.p110, v4.p168, v4.p218
Aditi, Vedic goddess, v1.p69
Aditya, an idol in Multan dedicated to the sun
Description of, v9.p177
Destroyed by Jalam ibn Shaiban, v9.p177
Adityas, sons of Aditi, v1.p69
Twelve, the suns of the months, v1.p69
Adityasena, of later Gupta dynasty, v2.p283
Administration
Megasthenes’s account of, v1.pp210–212
Of Akbar, v4.pp26–33
Of Aurangzib, v4.p121, v4.pp138–142, v4.p147
Of Jahangir, v4.p60, v4.pp76–77
Of Shah Jahan, v4.pp96–100, v4.p105
Adoni, city of Vijayanagar, attacked by Bahmanid Sultan Mohammad I, v3.p189
Adoption, Hindu law of, v1.p58
Of a son, part of Hindu religion, v1.p166
Adornment, according to Megasthenes, v1.pp218–219
Adultery, a criminal offence, v1.p220
Aelian, mention of suttee by, v9.p73
Affonso IV of Portugal, v6.p40
Affonso V (the African) of Portugal, v6.p55
Afghan blood-feud, v4.p7
Cavalry, under Himu, v4.p4
Dynasty holds Bengal, v4.p2
Governor, expelled by Adham Khan, v4.p8
Afghan restoration, Mahmud Lodi, the last chance for, v3.p217
Afghan sovereignty in Northern India, decay of, v6.p82
Afghan War, first, v8.p441
Second, v8.pp442–444
Afghanistan, a country, v3.p3
British protectorate, v8.p481
Campaigns by Aurangzib in, v4.p108, v4.p167, v4.p180
Delimitation of, v8.p445
First English campaign in, v8.p401
Political importance of, to Great Britain, v8.pp445–446
Russian intrigues against, v8.p439
Why necessarily protected by England, v8.pp482–483
Afghans
A chief of, commands the Rohillas, v4.p183
Abdali tribe of, v4.p182
Advance of, into the Doab, v3.p211
Ahmad Shah leader of the, v4.pp184–187
Allied with Moghuls, v4.p187
Defeated by Babar on the Ganges, v3.p217
Dynastic list of the, v3.p254
Fall back from Kanauj at approach of Babar, v3.p216
Flee before Babar, v3.p218
Flee over the Ganges, routed by Humayun, v3.p211
Ghilzai tribe of, v4.p180
Of Antarbed (Doab), v4.p239
Slain in battle, v4.p262
Territory of the, v4.p48
Afif, panegyrist in the reign of Firoz Shah, v3.p150
Africa, early circumnavigation of, v6.pp47–49
Agalassoi, tribe, v2.p81
Agamas, sacred books of the Jains, v1.p228
Agathokles Dikaios, Indo-Greek king, v2.p203, v2.p401
Agents, European, in India, v4.p67, v4.p95
Agha Muhammad Zaman, Moslem governor of Orissa, v7.p236
Agnello, Italian assayer, v6.p184
Agni, the god of fire, v1.pp71–72
Agnihotra, daily milk-libation to sacred fire, v1.p162
Agnimitra
Son of Pushpamitra, v1.p321
Sunga king, v2.p180, v2.p183, v2.p185
Agnishtoma, Soma sacrifice, v1.p163
Agnosticism of Sankhya philosophy counteracted by Yoga school, v1.p257
Agnyadhana, ceremony, v1.pp163–165
Agra, city of India, v3.p42
Babar returns to, v3.p217
Battle near, v4.p174, v4.p222, v4.p223
Description of, v3.p217
Description of, by Mandelslo, v4.p96
Detachment sent by Babar to occupy, v3.p208
Distance of, from Ajmir, v4.p11
English factory (= trading-post) at, v4.p94
Fort and palaces, v4.p102, v4.p118
Gate of, at Fathpur-Sikri, v4.p16
Hawkins arrives at, v4.p59
Held by Ahmad Shah, v4.p228
Hindal’s return to, v3.p234
Hot climate of, v4.p113, v4.pp241–242
In possession of Humayun in 1555, v3.p241
Land east and south of, unsubdued, v3.p209
Marched upon by Shah Shuja’, v4.p111
Mentioned in an inscription of Akbar, v4.p49
Metropolis of Akbar and the Moghul emperors, v4.p130, v4.p165, v4.p167, v4.p104
Mints of Mohammad Taghlak at, v3.p143
Missionaries at, v4.p89, v4.p133
Mosque at, v4.p126
Near to Fathpur-Sikri, v4.p35
Occupied by Himu, v4.p3
Pearl mosque at, v4.p102
Raids by Bahadur Shah against, v3.p229
Receives Akbar, v4.p5
Seized by Ibrahim Sur, v3.p241
Spoil of treasury of, divided among troops, v3.p208
Taj Mahal at, v4.pp100–102
Visited by Jesuits, v4.p37
Visited by Mandelslo, v4.p93, v4.p96
Visited by Mir Jumla, v4.p110
Agra, prayers read in name of Humayun, at, v5.p266
Agrahayani, rite performed in month of Agrahayana, v1.p251
Agrarian laws, v1.p223, v1.p224
Agriculture, v1.p8
Among the ancient Hindus, v1.p18
Derivation of Sanskrit word for, v1.p18
Encouraged by Akbar, v4.p28, v4.p29, v4.p31
Flourishes in reign of Ala-ad-din, v3.p118
Agriculture, Dutch, importance of, v7.p59
Agriculture, Hindu, v9.p151
Aguazil (administrator), Timoj a appointed chief, in Goa, v6.p133
Ahdallah ibn Amar ibn Kuraiz appointed to the government of Irak, v5.p2
Ahmad Beg Kabuli, displeases Jahangir and is removed from his fief of Peshawar, v5.p315
Ahmad Hasan Maimandi, vizir of Mas’ud, v3.p38
Ahmad I founds the fortresses of
Ahmad Khan, ruler in Mewat, v3.p173
Ahmad Niyaltagin, governor of Hindustan, under Mas’ud, v2.pp42–43
Ahmad Shah Abdali, Afghan leader, v8.p170
Seizes the Panjab, v8.p77
Invades Northern India, v8.p192, v8.p191
Contest of, with the Sikhs, v8.p269
Death of, v8.p269
Ahmad Shah I, Bahmanid king of the Deccan, crushes Warangal, v3.p187
Ahmad Shah, Abdali, an Afghan ruler, v4.p182
Invades India, v4.pp182–184, v1.pp228–252
Victory of, at Panipat, v4.pp184–186, v4.p262
Ahmadabad, (Ahmedabad), a district and town in the Bombay Presidency
Chief city of Gujarat, v3.p183, v3.p230
City, v2.p284
Coinage at, v4.p111
Condition of streets and roads in, v9.p295
Cruelty of the governor of, v4.pp95–96
Death of Dara at, v4.p119
Description of a small chapel near, v9.p302, v9.p305
Description of the caravanserai in, v9.p295
Description of the Great Mogul’s palace at, v9.pp297–299
Description of the market-place of, v9.pp296–297
English agency at, v7.p201
Merchants of, v4.p94
Persian the prevailing language in, v9.p297
Pietro della Valle arrives at, v9.p294
Retaken by Akbar, v4.p14
Visited by Pietro della Valle, v4.p79
Wrongs of the English at, righted by Jahangir, v9.pp312–313
Ahmadnagar and Ahmadabad, v3.p183
Ahmadnagar, a town in the Bombay Presidency
Capital of Nizam Shah dynasty, v3.p192
Captured and lost by Malik Amber, v4.p106, v4.p107
Retreat of Aurangzib to, v4.p170
Surrenders to Akbar, v4.p49, v4.p211, v4.p213
Ahriman, the evil principle according to the Zoroastrian faith, v5.p195
Ahsanabad, name given by Hasan Gangu to city of Kulbarga, v3.p187
Ahura Mazda, Iranian equivalent of Varuna, v1.p63
Aijubarrota, battle of (1385), v6.p40
Ailly, D’, Cardinal Pierre, Imago Mundi of, quoted, v6.p58
Ain-al-Mulk Husain Ashghari, minister of Malik Nasir-ad-din Kubacha, v5.p99
Ain-i Akbari, an account of Akbar’s reign, v4.p47
Aitareya Brahmans, coronation ceremony in, v1.pp131–132
Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of, and the restoration of Madras, v8.p107
Ajanta, caves and frescoes at, v2.p362
Ajatasatru = Kunika, history of, v2.pp28–36
Ajatasatru, son of Rajagriha, v1.p298
Ajivakas, a sect of ascetics, v1.p328
Ajivika, sect, v2.p146, v2.p148, v2.p158, v2.p176
Ajmir
Akbar makes a pilgrimage to, v4.p43
Annexation of, to Arab domains, v3.p68
City of Rajputana, v3.p58
Distance of, from Agra, v4.p11
Hills of, v4.p119
Inscribed Sanskrit plays at, v2.p16
Lords of, rally to Rana Sauga’s standard, v3.p211
Mosque at, v3.p72
Taken by Akbar, v4.p2
Taken by Mahmud the Khalji, v3.p181
Used as military base, v4.p149
Ajodhya, in Gupta period, v2.p265
Akaba, Gulf of, Solomon’s harbours on the shores of the, v6.p7
Akat Khan, nephew of Ala-ad-din
Tries unsuccessfully to usurp the throne, v3.p105
Death of, v3.p106
Akbar Namah of Illahbad Faizi, a chronicle, selection from, v4.pp163–214
Akbar the Great, founder of the Moghul Empire (1556–1605), v2.p309, v2.p329, v2.p343
A model of an Indian sovereign, v4.p123, v4.p129
A son born to, v4.p35
Accession and long reign of, v4.p1, v4.p2, v6.p83
Annexes Khandesh and Berar, v4.p106
As a reformer, v5.p277
Assumes chief authority in religious matters, v4.pp42–46
Campaign of, in Surat, v6.p261
Christian missionaries at court of, v6.pp269–270
Christianity brought to notice of, v5.p284, v5.p287
Conquers Surat, v4.pp13–14
Death of, v4.p60
Declaration of spiritual supremacy of, v5.pp289–291
Defeats Himu, v4.p5
Discovers court intrigues, v4.pp7–9
Disregarded Mohammedan orthodoxy, v4.p123
Distributes valuable books among the learned men, v5.pp279–280
Draws revenue of £18,000,000, v3.p221
Early campaigns of, v4.p3
Eclecticism of, v4.p123
Europeans at court of, v6.pp263–270
Extent of the empire of, v4.p3, v4.pp48–49, v4.p82, v4.p178
Farmaliun at court of, v6.p269
Feudal system under, v4.p139
Fitch visits the court of, v6.p212
Forms alliances with Rajputs, v4.p15
Founder of a great kingdom, v4.p1
Grandson of Babar, v3.p221
Has his capital at Agra, v4.p103, v4.p130, v4.p194
Holds meetings of wise men in the “Hall of Worship”, v5.pp278–279
Holds religious debates, v4.p34, v4.pp39–42
Is plunged into skepticism by sophistries of his friends, v5.pp281–282
Loyalty of Rajputs to, v4.p23, v4.p24
Marches in person against the Deccan, v4.p49, v4.p194
Marriages of, v4.p15
Meets with opposition from Himu of Bengal, v4.p4
Objects to control by Bairam as regent, v4.pp6–7
Orders commentary on Koran to be written, v5.p281
Palace-city of, at Fathpur, v3.p213
Partab Bar and Barsuba at court of, v6.p265
Passes through many religious phases, v5.pp282–284, v5.pp287–289
Personality and ability of, v4.pp9–12
Policy of, as to Persian language, v4.p30
Practises asceticism, v5.p278
Rajputs under, v4.p177
Reforms instituted by, v4.pp15–50
Religious tolerance of, v4.p16, v4.p33, v4.p51, v4.p60
Repudiates Islam, v5.p284
Sent in pursuit of fugitive Afghans, v3.p241
Shows a fondness for innovation, v4.p46
Siege of Chitor by, v4.pp17–23
Social laws of, v4.p18, v4.p17
Studies alchemy, v5.p293
Superstitions of, v4.pp43–44
Takes the fortress of Asirgarh, v4.p49, v4.pp193–214
Thinks that the end of Islam has come, v5.pp291–292
Throne of, occupied by Aurangzib, v4.p16
Troops of, v4.p176
Under influence of Hindu teachings, v5.p287
Under Zoroastrian influence, v5.p288
Akbar, prince, a son of Aurangzib, v4.p138, v4.p149
Rebels against his father, v4.p149
Akbarnamah, a history of Akbar, by Abu-l-Fazl, v4.p47
Akesines = Chinab river, v2.p64, v2.p69, v9.p8, v9.p18
Confluence with Hydaspes of, v2.p79
Confluence with Hydraotes of, v2.p87
Date of passage of, v2.p396
Egyptian beans found in the, v9.p14
Return to, v2.p75
Ala-ad-din Bahram Shah, son of Malik Nasir-ad-din Kubacha, sent to attend court of Shams-ad-din Altamish, v5.p100
Ala-ad-din Husain (Jahan-soz) destroys Ghazni in 1165, v3.p52
Death of, v3.p53
Ala-ad-din Jani appointed to the throne of Lakhnauti, v5.p100
Makes war against Raziya, but is slain, v5.pp105–106
Ala-ad-din Khan collects an army and invades Delhi, v5.pp238–239
Portion of army of, leaves him and goes to the Doab, while others desert to standard of Ibrahim, v5.p241
Details of unsuccessful rebellion of, against Sultan Ibrahim, v5.pp237–243
Tenders allegiance to Sultan Ibrahim, v5.p243
Submits to Babar, v5.p247
Ala-ad-din, greatest of the Khalji rulers, v5.p141
Duration of the reign of, twenty years, v5.p141
Army of, halted at Tankal, v5.p144
Army of, leaves Delhi on expedition against Ma’bar, v5.p144
Route of march of army of, v5.p144, v5.p145
Marches against Billal Deo at fort of Dhur Samundar, v5.p147
Ala-ad-din, Khalji emperor, v4.p26
Spread of Mohammedanism under, v4.p188
Ala-ad-din, Sultan of Delhi, depravity of, causes Nasir-ad-din to usurp the throne, v5.p116
Ala-ad-din
Usurps the throne of Jalal-ad-din Firoz Shah in 1290, v3.p97
Recruits to army of, v3.p98
Takes throne of Delhi in 1296, v2.pp98–99
A successful soldier, v3.p99
Victorious at Devagiri, v3.p101
Mutiny in 1298 of troops of, v3.p103
Disposition of, v3.p104
Proclaims himself “the second Alexander”, v3.p104
Dreams of founding a new religion, v3.p104
Repressive measures of, v2.pp107–110
Conversation of, with the kadi of Biana, v2.pp111–114
Interference of, with trade and laws of supply and demand, v3.p116
Preparation of, for defensive operations, v3.p116
Pay of soldiers in army of, v3.p116
Experiments of, in political economy, v2.pp116–118
New army of, everywhere victorious over the Mongols, v3.p118
Victorious at Chitor, v3.p115, v3.p119
Victorious at Rantambhor, v3.p119
Army of, takes Warangal, v3.p120
Résumé of the reign of, v2.pp120–121
Death of, in 1316, v3.p121
Anarchy on death of, v3.p122
Chief figure of Khalji dynasty, v3.p129
Results of his Deccan campaigns lost to Hasan Gangu, v3.p186
Alahwar (Lahore), a district of India, v5.p4
Alam Khan Ala-ad-din, uncle of Ala-ad-din Lodi
Appeals to Babar for help, v3.p198, v3.p204
Established at Dipalpur by Babar, v3.p205
Alamgir II, Moghul emperor in 1754, v4.p183, v4.p184, v4.p228
Death of, v4.p232
Alamgir, “world-compeller”, title of Aurangzib, v4.p121, v4.p219, v4.p228, v4.p238
Alara, teacher of Buddha, v1.p290
al-Bailaman
People of, surrender to Mohammad ibn Kasim, v5.p13
Conquered by Junaid ibn Abd-ar-Rahman al-Marri, v5.p17
al-Baiza (the white), a city built by Amran ibn Musa ibn Yahya, v5.p5, v5.p22
al-Baladhuri, a Mussulman chronicler of Baghdad, v5.p1
Selections from history of, v5.pp2–24
Albergaria, Soarez de, see Soarez
Alberuni on India, v2.p15
al-Biruni
Account of the Hindu religion by, v9.pp154–199
Arab chronologist, v3.p31
Albuquerque, Affonso de (Affonso d’Alboquerque)
Besieges Aden (1513), v6.p104, v6.pp125–126
Cares for the abandoned women and children of the Turks and Rumes in Goa, v9.pp230–231
Conqueror of Goa, v4.p62, v4.p65
Death of, in 1515, v6.p90, v6.pp107–108, v9.p227
Employs native troops, v6.p140, v6.pp149–150
Encourages colonization, v6.p142
Erects fort at Cochin and factory at Quilon, v6.p90, v6.p115
Expedition of, to India, v6.pp89–90
First expedition of, to India, v6.pp89–91
Fortress of, at Ormuz (1515), v6.p104, v6.p115, v6.pp123–124
Gains possession of Goa, v9.pp228–233
Government and conquests of, v6.pp102–108, v6.pp113–116, v6.pp147–149, v6.p151
Hatred of, for the Mussulmans, v6.p81, v6.pp99–100, v6.pp103–105, v6.p108, v6.pp118–120
Issues a proclamation that the inhabitants of Goa should be immune from pillage, v9.pp229–230
Mutiny of commanders of (1508), v6.pp100–102
Policy of, in India and the East, v6.p77, v6.pp89–91, v6.pp92–93, v6.pp103–108, v6.pp113–116, v6.pp126–127
Project of, for ransoming the Temple of Jerusalem by carrying off the body of Mohammed from Mecca, v6.p81, v6.p104
Project of, to divert the channel of the Nile to the Red Sea, v6.pp103–104
Proposal of, to exterminate Spanish and Portuguese Jews in India, v6.pp170–171
Protects native Christians in India, v6.pp89–91
Protects native Christians in Socotra, v6.pp99–100
Reaches India in 1503, v9.p227
Receives Diu from the king of Gujarat, v3.p185
Recommends the cultivation of the opium poppy in Portugal, v6.p152
Second expedition of, to India by way of the Red Sea, v6.p98
Second governor of Portuguese India (1509–15), v6.p98, v6.pp102–106, v6.pp107–108
Takes Goa and establishes Portuguese power on west coast of India (1510), v6.p105, v6.p116, v6.pp132–134
Takes Malacca and erects a fortress (1511), v6.p106, v6.p115, v6.pp126–127
Takes Socotra (1507), v6.p99
Treaty of, with Ormuz and control of the Persian Gulf, v6.p100
Zeal of, for Christianity, v6.pp89–91, v6.pp99–100, v6.p108, v6.pp118–119, v6.p162
Alcacar Sequer taken by Prince Henry of Portugal from the Moors (1458), v6.p55
Alcacora, treaty of, between Spain and Portugal (1479), v6.pp62–63
Aldworth, Thomas, receives first grant for an English settlement in India, v7.p195
Alexander Borgia, Pope, Bull of, dividing the undiscovered non-Christian world, v8.p5
Alexander III, Bull of 1179 of, v6.pp64–65
Alexander the Great, v2.p3, v3.p15
According to Krateros, advanced to the Ganges, v9.p28
Advanced into Sind, v2.p88
Advanced to Hydaspes, v2.p57
Advanced to Patala, v2.p91
Advanced to Taxila, v2.p56
Appointed satraps, v2.p87
Army of, halts exhausted, at the Hypanis, v9.p18
Attacked the Malloi, v2.p82
Builds two cities on opposite sides of the Hydaspes, v9.p20
Built altars, v2.p72
Camped at Jihlam, v2.p76
Captured Poros, v2.p67
Chronology of his Indian campaign, v2.p396
Conquers Patalene, v9.p25
Conquers Poros, v9.p20
Courteously received by King Taxiles, v9.p18
Crossed Hindu Kush, v2.p42
Crossed Hydraotes, v2.p69
Crosses the Kophes and conquers the country to the east, v9.p17
Dangerously wounded, v2.p86
Despatched Nearchos, v2.p93
Determines to invade Egypt from India, but abandons his plans, v9.p14
Dynasties before, v2.p22
Entered Susa in April, 324 B.C., v2.p99
First European to enter India, v4.p62
Found the Indus boundary of India, v2.p36
Founded Boukephala and Nikaia, v2.p67
His death, v2.p102
In danger of losing his life from a wound, v9.p25
Makes the lands adjacent to the Indus and its tributaries well known, v9.pp24–25
March of, through the East, v9.p1
Marches to the Hypanis and returns to the Hydaspes and sails down it, v9.p23, v9.p24
Massacred mercenaries, v2.p48
Met Chandragupta Manua, v2.p40, v2.p105
Met Nearchos, v2.p97
Obtains material for shipbuilding from the Emoda Mountains, v9.p20
Occupied Ora and Bazira, v2.p49
Prepared for return to Persia, v2.p93
Promoted Poros, v2.p76
Reached the sea, v2.p92
Restores his conquered Indian territories to Poros, v9.p3
Route of, in India, v9.p14, v9.p17
Started on voyage, v2.p77
Stormed Massaga, and was again wounded, v2.p47
Suffered much in Gedrosia, v2.p98
Took Aornos, v2.p64
Transitory effects of his raid, v2.p102
Wars of his successors, v2.p104
Wounded in Minn. valley, v2.p44
Alexander the second. – See Ala-ad- din, v3.p104
Alexander VI, Bulls of, granting trade privileges and monopolies to Spain and Portugal, v6.p63, v6.p64, v6.pp65–66, v6.p85
Alexandria, an important trade centre for nearly eighteen centuries, v8.p1
Alexandria, founded 332 B.C., entrepôt of Indo-European trade, v6.p21, v6.p23, v6.pp30–31, v6.p175
Indian merchants in, v6.pp27–28
Library of, v6.p48
Supposed statue of the river deity Indus in, v6.p28
Alexandrian commerce, v2.p263
Algoa Bay, Bartholemeu Dias reaches (1486), v6.p57
al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, governor of Irak, v5.p5
Death of, v5.p13
Ali Ariyaruk, governor and commander-in-chief for Mahmud of Ghazni in India, v3.p38
Ali ibn Abu-Salib, caliph of Baghdad, v5.p3
Ali ibn Mohammad ibn Abdallah ibn Abu Saif, an Arab historian, v5.p2
Ali Istnall, commander-in-chief at Delhi, v5.p95
Ali Karmakh, chief of Multan, appointed commander at Lahore, v5.p82
Ali Kuli Beg Istajlu, first husband of Nur Jahan, v5.p317
Ali Kuli Khan-zaman, an Uzbeg rebel, v4.p12, v4.p26
Ali Masjid, Jahangir encamps at, v5.p315
Ali Sistani sent to clear a road for Timur’s army, v5.p193
Ali Vardi Khan, Nawab of Bengal, v8.p164
Death of, in 1656, v8.p164
Ali Verdi Khan, a general, v4.p182
Ali, raja of Khandesh, v4.pp194–196
Death of, v4.p199
Ability of, v4.p200
Aligarh captured by the English, v8.p327
Ali-Tigin, Arab general, subdued Bokhara and Samarkand, v3.p2
Aliwal, battle of, v8.p413
Allah Yar Khan real commander of expedition against the Christians at Hugli, v6.pp279–280
Allahabad, a district and city of the Northwest Provinces, v4.p182
Allah-dad and a regiment sent to assist the commanders at Jahan-numa, v5.p200
Allahu Akbar, Moslem religious formula, v4.p41
al-Mahfuzah, a city founded by Hakim ibn Awana al-Kalbi, v5.p17
al-Mansur, caliph of Baghdad, v5.p21
al-Manzar ibn al-Jarud-al-Abdi appointed by Ziyad ibn Abu-Sufian to the frontiers of India, v5.p5
Almeida, Dom Francisco da, first viceroy of Portuguese India (1505–09), v6.p93
Cruelty of, to prisoners, v6.pp117–118
Death of, v6.p103
Defeats the combined fleet of Egypt and Gujarat, in 1509, v3.p185
Government and policy of, v6.pp93–99, v6.p114, v6.pp117–118
Takes Quiloa in Africa, v6.p94, v6.p148
Together with his son Lourenco overcomes Arab power in the Malabar ports and defeats the Zamorin, v6.pp96–97
Victory of, off Diu (1509), v6.pp96–98, v6.pp101–103
Almeida, Lourenco da (son of Dom Francisco da Almeida)
Heroic death of, in sea-fight with the Mussulmans, v2.pp184–185, v6.p97, v6.p102
Portuguese captain, v4.p54
al-Muhallab, sons of, flee to Sind and are killed by Ililal ibn Ahwaz at-Tamimi, v5.p15
Aloes-wood found in the Ganges River, v9.p293
Alor, ancient capital of Sind, v2.p89
Alphabet, Indian, v9.p135
Alphabets, Phoenician and Sabman, v6.p4
Malayalam (Vattelutta), v6.p80
Alptagin founds kingdom in Afghan mountains, v2.pp17–18
Alrur (Alor), a city of Sind
Besieged by and surrendered to Mohammad ibn Kasim, v5.pp11–12
People of, submit to Habib ibn al-Muhallab, v5.p15
A dependency of Mansura, v5.p31
Alsakah, a town in India, captured by Mohammad ibn Kasim, v5.p12
Altuniya, governor of Tabarhindah, v3.p79
Captured by Hindus and killed, v5.p109
Death of, v3.p79
Leads Raziya’s army toward Delhi to regain her kingdom, v5.p108
Revolt, v5.p108
Altuntash, chamberlain of Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p55
Commander of centre of Mahmud of Ghazni’s army, v5.p61
al-Usaifan, country between Kashmir, Multan, and Kabul, Abu Bakr’s account of, to al-Baladhuri, v5.p23
King of, turns Mussulman, v5.pp23–24
Alva, Duke of, persecutes the Protestants, v6.p208
Amardi, Jahangir encamps at, v5.p311
Amazonian body-guard, v2.p112
Amb = Embolima, v2.p51
Amber, a city of Rajputana
Ruled by Bihari Mal, v4.p16
Princess of, bears a son to Akbar, v4.p36
Opposes Aurangzib, v4.p148
Amber, lords of, rally to Rana Sanga’s standard, v3.p211
Amber, Malik, vizir of Nizam Shah, v4.p82, v4.p106, v4.p107
Ambhi = King of Taxila, v2.p64, v2.p65, v2.p99
Ambissa ibn Ishak az-Zabbi, governor of Sind under Mu’tasim bi-Allah, v5.p9
Amboyna Book against the Dutch suppressed by Parliament, v7.p188
Amboyna massacre, v8.p22
Amboyna, clove island in the Moluccas
Compact in 1600 for the erection of a Dutch castle at, v7.p72
Compact of, with the Dutch in 1600 for the expulsion of the Portuguese, v7.p72
Compensation at length obtained by Cromwell (1654) for outrages at, v7.p155
Contemporary literature of the tragedy of, and manuscript materials enumerated, v7.p119
Dutch allow English one-third of the trade of, v7.p93
Dutch claim exclusive trade with, v7.p109, v7.p113
Dutch imprison English at, v7.p85
Dutch treaties with, and supremacy at, v7.pp113–114
Effect of the massacre at, on subsequent policy of the English in the East, v7.pp150–157
Effects of the massacre at, on the subsequent policy of the Dutch in the East, v7.pp157–163
English agency at, v7.p113
English at, numbered but eighteen, v7.p114
English executed at, v7.p128
English factories at (1623), v7.pp114–115, v7.p117, v7.p119
English resolve to withdraw their factories from, v7.p115, v7.pp123–124
Fruitless negotiations by James I and Charles I to obtain redress for outrages at, v7.pp129–155
Innocence of English at, v7.pp125–128
Judicial aspects of the trial and the use of torture at, v7.pp143–151
Portuguese-Spanish claim to, v6.p227
Position of, v7.p96
Story of the tragedy of, v7.pp109–158
Strength of Dutch at, v7.p114
Torture and judicial murder of English by Dutch at, v7.pp115–130
Tragedy of, caused primarily by Michelborne’s attack on the Dutch at Bantam, v7.p9
Ambria, sub-caste of the Sudras, v9.p244
Amene, Portuguese treaty with, v6.p127
America
Columbus discovers the islands off (1492), v6.p62, v6.pp173–174, v6.p175
Effect of the discovery of, on commerce, v8.pp4–5
French settlements in (1555–64), v6.p194
Verazzani’s expedition to, v6.p194
Amherst, Lord, Governor-General of India, v8.p389
Amida, siege of, v2.p246
Amiens, Peace of, v8.p319, v8.p324
Amir (Omrah), a title of certain rulers and nobles, v4.p128, v4.p139, v4.p140, v4.p162, v4.p193, v4.p194, v4.p219
Amir Khan besieges Jaipur, v8.p378
Disbands his army, v8.p380
Amir Khusru, a Mohammedan historian, characterization of style of, v5.pp141–142
Selection from history of, v5.pp142–153
Amir Khusru, a poet, at court of Balban, v3.p86
Amir Nasr, brother of Mahmud of Ghazni, commander of right wing of Mahmud’s army, v5.p58
Amirs, new, revolt of, v3.p186
Amirs, the foreign, v3.pp142–143
Amitraghata (Amitrochates), title of Bindusara, v2.p127
Amoghavarsha, Chalukya king, v2.p355
Amr ibn Jamal sent to Narand, by the caliph al-Mansur, v5.p21
Amr ibn Mohammad ibn Kasim made an amir, v5.p18
Founds the city of Mansura, v5.p18
Amr ibn Muslim al-Bahali appointed to frontier of Hind by the caliph Omar, v5.p15
Amran ibn Musa ibn Yahya, son of Khalid the Barmacide
Appointed to the frontier of Sind and builds a city called al-Baiza, v5.p5, v5.p22
Death of, v5.p23
Twice makes war upon the Meds, v5.pp22–23
Amrita, the immortal drink, v1.p26
Amsterdam, manufactures of, v7.p59
Becomes European emporium of Indian commerce, v7.p59
Diamond cutting of, v7.p59
Financial strength of, v7.p59
Jews in, v7.p59
Amu Darya = Oxus, river, v2.p198
Amurad II, Sultan, father of Yusuf Adil Shah, v6.p132
Amyntas, Indo-Greek king, v2.p401
Anandpal, son of Jaipal
Conquered by Mahmud of Ghazni, v3.p21
Leader of army against Mahmud of Ghazni, v3.p20
Anangapala Tomara, Raja of Delhi, v2.p329
Anauda, convert to Buddhism, v1.pp293–295
Ancestor-worship among Hindus, v1.p166
Andarabah, on the Sohan, Babar halts at, v5.p233
Andaroi (Andhras), Hindu nation, v1.p205
Andersen, J., an early European traveller in India, v4.p95
Andhra dynastic history, v2.p20, v2.p177, v2.pp187–190, v2.p243
Andhra kingdom, in the Deccan, founding of, v1.p184
Limits of, v1.p203
Andhras, described by Megasthenes, v1.p206
Andkhod, Mu’izz-ad-din defeated in, v5.p95
Andpal, son of Jaipal
Furnishes the fifty elephants demanded of his father as the price of peace, v5.p45
Refusal of, to allow Mahmud of Ghazni to march through his domains results in his downfall, v5.pp50–51
Anga, kingdom of Ancient India, v1.p284
Anga, kingdom, v2.p27
Anglo-Dutch
Alliance against France in 1678, v8.p38
Alliance against Spain and Portugal in the beginning of the seventeenth century, v8.p33
Alliance to drive the Spanish and Portuguese from the coast of India, v8.p13
Joint Stock Company, proposal for a, rejected, v8.p13
Quarrels in the East regarding terms of the treaty of 1619, v7.pp105–108
Treaty of 1619, v7.p220
Treaty of 1619, v8.p22
Treaty of 1654, terms of, v7.pp260–261
War in India in 1651–1654, v8.p29
War, causes leading to, v7.p259
Anglo-French
Alliance against Holland in 1672, v8.p37, v8.p38
Rupture in 1756 regarding the American Colonies, v8.p106
War on the Coromandel coast, v8.p104
Anglo-Portuguese alliance negotiated, v8.p31
Anglo-Russian coalition against France, v8.p355
Anglo-Spanish war of 1739, effect of, on France, v8.p103
Anhalwara, mediaeval city of Gujarat, v3.p28
Conquered by Mohammad Ghori in 1178, v3.p54
Mohammad Ghori victorious at, v3.p59
Defeat of prince of, v3.p71
Anhilwara, city, v2.p284
Animal food, v1.p22
Disliked by Akbar, v4.p10, v4.p16, v4.p44
Not eaten by Aurangzib, v4.p122
Animal life, sanctity of, v2.p149, v2.pp163–167, v2.p183
Animals of India, v9.pp32–38
In ancient India, v1.p217
Sacrifice of, forbidden by Akbar, v4.p16, v4.p44
Wild, hunted by Akbar, v4.p10
Exhibition of fights between, v4.p88
Anjengo, description of, by William Francklin, v9.pp317–318
Antarbed, kingdom of (Doab), v4.p222, v4.p233, v4.p237, v4.p239
Antialkidas Nikephoros, Indo-Greek king, v2.p203, v2.p401
Antigonos
(1) rival of Eumenes, v2.p103
(2) Gonatas, King of Macedonia, v2.p166, v2.p398, v2.p399
Antiochos
(1) the Great, v2.p201, v2.p215, v2.p217
(2) Soter, v2.p128
(3) Theos, v2.p20, v2.p166, v2.p198
Antipater, unable to retain India, v2.p104
Antonio, Don, Prior of Crato, claims the throne of Portugal and seeks refuge in England, v6.p191
Antwerp
Commerce of, v6.pp202–203, v6.p206
Emporium of Eastern trade, v6.pp202–203
English, Portuguese, and Spanish merchants in (1550), v6.p203
Portuguese entrepôt for Indian produce, v6.pp202–203, v6.p206
Ruined by Spain, v6.pp206–208
School of cartography at, v6.p200
Subscribes clandestinely to the United Dutch Company, v7.p62
Anukramanis, Vedic indexes, v1.pp193–194
Anuruddha, convert to Buddhism, v1.p293, v1.p295
Anushirvan (Khusru), King of Persia, v2.p291
Aornos
Identity and siege of, v2.p60
Storming of the fortress of, v9.p5
Apastamba, Kalpa Sutra of, v1.pp191–192
A teacher who flourished in the fifth century B.C., v1.p202
Modern followers of, v1.p203
Apes brought to Solomon from India, v6.p8
Apollodorus, author of the “History of Parthia”, v9.p2
Apollodotos, Indo-Greek king, v2.p202
Aptagin
Death of, v3.p88
General of first army sent against Tughril, v3.p88
Arab
Attempt upon India, v3.p3
Geographers, v6.p24, v6.p29, v6.p30, v6.p48
Invaders, v2.p284
Invasion a failure, v3.p14
Invasion of valley of the Indus in 712, v3.p5
Navigators, v6.p21, v6.pp49–50
Traders in China, v6.p28, v6.p29
Traders in India, v6.p29, v6.p81, v6.p83, v6.pp89–90, v6.p92, v6.pp152–153, v6.pp158–159
Traders, v4.p54
Travellers, v6.p30
Arabia
Ancient trade-route through, v6.p2
Arabian Nights, reference to, v6.p49
Horses imported into India from, v6.p158
Opium from, v6.pp152–153
Under the Romans, v6.pp10–11
Arabian Sea, Mamluks defeat the Portuguese on, v3.p184
Western limit of the Bahmanid kings of the Deccan, v3.p186
Arabioi, tribe, v2.p94, v2.p99
Arabs’ account of wealth of India, v3.p3
Aracan, pirates of, threaten the sea-coast of the Moghul Empire, v7.p205
Armada of 1588, v7.p45
Arachosia = the Kandahar country, v2.p30, v2.p91
Sibyrtios, satrap of, v2.p100
Aradh-iha (Seivia), a sect of the Brahmans, v9.pp257–258
Arakan, a division of Lower Burma, British India, v4.p120
King of, v4.p143
War in, v4.p142
Aral, sea of, v3.p31
Aram, son of Kutb-ad-din, unfit to succeed to the throne, v5.p92
Aranyakas, compilation of, v1.p85
General character of, v1.p94
Of the Rig-Veda, v1.p94
Of the Yajur-Veda, v1.pp94–95
Aravali range, in Rajputana, v3.p182
Arcadius, Roman emperor, v2.p367
Archaeology, results obtained from, v2.p9, v2.p15, v2.p260
Archangel, English trade to Persia by way of, v6.p181
Archers (arrows), v4.p4, v4.p85, v4.p99, v4.p112, v4.pp113–114, v4.p238
Archias, officer of Nearchos, v2.p97
Architecture, at Fathpur-Sikri, v4.pp36–37
Hindu, v9.p131
In Gupta period, v2.pp279–280
Indian, earliest examples of, v2.p125
Mohammedan and Hindu, v4.p189
Not Greek, v2.p217
Of New Delhi, v4.p103
Of the Taj Mahal, v4.pp100–102
Argaum, battle of, v8.p327
Arhant (an aspect of Buddha), directions for constructing an idol of, v9.p180
Arhata, a sacred pond, v9.p191
Aria = the Herat country, v2.p36, v2.p108
Ariana, cession of part of, v2.p108, v2.p214
Aristoboulos, a Greek historian, v9.p1
On the irrigation of India, v9.pp7–8
Arjumand Bann (Mumtaz-i-Mahal), the empress of Shah Jahan and lady of the Taj, v4.p89, v4.p104
Death of, v4.p104
Arjuna, one of the five Pandava princes, v1.p101
Conflict of, with Karna, v1.p110
Discovery of, v1.p108
Kills Bhishma, v1.p109
Kills Karna, v1.p110
Recovers cattle stolen from Virata, v1.p108
Rise of, as a god, v1.p169
Skill of, v1.p102
Usurper, v2.pp316–317
Wins the hand of Draupadi, v1.p105
Arkali Khan, son of Jalal-ad-din Firoz Shah, v3.p98
Arkot (Arcot) seized by Clive, v8.pp119–120
Arkturos (Arktos), the Great Bear, v9.p7
Armada, the Spanish, references to, v6.p190, v6.p192, v6.p197, v6.p205, v6.p209
Armagon
English seek refuge at, but return to Masulipatam, v7.p225, v7.pp227–228
Position of, v7.p227
Was the first fortified English garrison in India, v7.p227
Armail, taken by Mohammad ibn Kasim, v5.p8
Armenia, position of, historically analogous with that of modern Afghanistan, v8.p483
Armenian woman, in Akbar’s harem, v4.p15
Hawkins compelled to marry an, v4.p63
Arms, coats of, of the English East India Company, v6.pp255–256
Army of Babar almost destitute for food, v3.p209
Army, Hindu, four divisions of a, v9.p143
Army, Moghul
Contrasted with Maratha and Hindu, v4.p223
Employment of Marathas in, v4.p163
Under Akbar, v4.p32
Under Aurangzib, v4.pp139–140
Under Jahangir, v4.p67, v4.pp76–77
Under Shah Jahan, v4.p99
Aror = Alor, v2.p89
Arras, battle at, v8.p245
Arrian, Greek historian, v1.p213
Arrian, on India, v2.p13
Arsakes, leader of Parthian revolt, v2.p200
Arsha marriage, v1.p238
Arslan Khan Sanjar
Rumours of rebellion of, against Nasir-ad-din, v5.pp132–133
Prevailed upon to do homage to Nasir-ad-din, v5.p133
Appointed to rule over Karra, v5.p133
Arslan Shah, brother of Bahram, v3.p48
Arslan-al-Jazib, commander of left wing of Mahmud of Ghazni’s army, v5.p58
Art
Examples of Mohammedan, Indian, Chinese, and Persian at Fathpur-Sikri, v4.pp36–39
Indian, earliest examples of, v2.p125
Patronized by the Moghuls, v4.pp132–133
Traces of Christian influence on Indian, v4.p37
Artillery, v4.p100, v4.p113, v4.p140, v4.p187, v4.p204, v4.p270
Artisans, Indian conveyed to Persia, v4.p181
Aryan
A united community, v1.p6
Ancient compositions of, preserved traditionally by certain families, v1.p78
Civilization, extension of, v1.p36
Conquerors, internal strife among, v1.p37
Derivation of, v1.p8
Development of, in Ancient India, v1.pp2–3
Domestic Economy of, v1.p7
Expansion of, v1.p30, v1.p82, v1.pp128–130
Home of, passage concerning, v1.p201
Nation, formed of Brahmans, Kshatriyas, and Vaisyas, v1.p137
Nomadic life led by, v1.p8
People principally Vaisyas almost to the Mohammedan conquest, v1.p187
Settlements in the Panjab, v1.p4
World, boundaries of, in `1`0`0`0` B.C., v1.p126, v1.p128
Aryavarta, v2.p251
Asad-ad-din
Beheaded by Kutb-ad-din Mubarak Shah, v3.p125
Vengeance taken on family of, v3.p125
Asaf Jab, the first Nizam, death of, v8.p115
Asaf Jah, founder of the Nizam dynasty of Haidarabad, v4.p178, v4.p179, v4.p184
Asaf Khan, brother of the empress Nur-Jahan, v4.p81
Favoured by Shah Jahan, v4.p83
Joins Shah Jahan, v4.pp86–87, v4.p89
Death of, v4.p100
Campaigns of, v4.p107
Asaf Khan, Nawab, an amir under Akbar, v4.p210
Asaf Khan, prime minister of Shah Jahan, had palace decorated with Christian paintings, v4.pp133–134
Asandhimitra, legendary queen of Asoka, v2.p175
Ascalon, ancient trade-route through, v6.p2
Ascetics, Hindu yogis and Mohammedan fakirs, v4.p85, v4.p44
Ascetics, Hindu, v1.p235, v1.p236
Rules for, v1.pp241–242
Ascetics, Hindu, description of, v9.pp137–139
Ashtaka, rites performed in the month of Agrahayana, v1.pp251–252
Asi, fort of, Mahmud of Ghazni proceeds against, v5.p71
Asia Minor
Phoenician trade to, v6.p3
Trade-routes to, v6.pp14–15
Turks in, v6.p37
Asia
Competition for the trade of the south-eastern countries of, v8.p1
Political situation in, at the present time, v8.p450
Powerless to resist European expansion, v8.p496
Spread of Buddhism throughout, v1.p322
Asightigin, chamberlain of Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p55
Asir, Asirgarh, a fortress in Khandesh
Captured by Akbar, v4.p49, v4.pp193–214
Description of its strength, v4.pp201–206
Siege and fall of, v4.pp207–214
Asjudi, Persian poet, at court of Mahmud of Ghazni, v3.p32
Askari, son of Babar, v3.p218
Brother of Humayun, v3.p226
Viceroy of Gujarat, v3.p231
Asoka pillars, one of the, set up at Firozabad on the Jumna by Firoz Shah, v3.p151
Asoka
Abolished royal hunt, v2.p112, v2.p156
Appointed Censors, zzzz v2.p160
Beginnings of art and architecture in reign of, v2.p126
Buddhist council convoked by, v2.p139
Buildings of, v2.pp143–145
Character of, v2.p171
Contemporary with Antiochos Theos, v2.p20
Dates of accession and death of, v2.p133, v2.p139, v2.p398
Death of, v2.p139
Despatched foreign missions, v2.p166
Disruption of empire of, v2.p188
Enforced sanctity of animal life, v2.p153
Ethics of, v2.p153
Father of Mahinda, v1.p320
Full name Asoka-vardhana, v2.p130
Hindu king, v1.p3
Inscriptions of, v2.p139, v2.pp145–150
Kanishka legends resembling those of, v2.p235
Legend of, v2.p151
Made Buddhism a world-religion, v2.p170
Ordained as monk, v2.p137
Provided for travellers and sick, v2.p163, v2.p305
Provincials, Edict of, v2.p118
Sent his brother Mahendra to Southern India and Ceylon, v2.p167
Sons and successors of, v2.p175
The “king’s men” of, v2.p119
Toleration of, v2.p167
Viceroy of Taxila and Ujjain, v2.pp130–132
Went on pilgrimage, v2.p135
Aspandi, Timur encamps at, v5.p194
Aspasiaias, tribe, v2.p45
Assakanos, king of Masoga, v9.p7, v9.p18
Assakenoi nation, v2.p47
Assam, a province of Northeast India, v4.p142
Assam, kingdom of, v8.pp387–388
Assaye, battle of, v8.p327
Astakenoi, a tribe of India, v9.p18
Astes = Hasti, v2.p43
Astola (Astalu), enchanted isle, v2.p96
Astrolabe, Prince Henry’s, v6.p54
Astrologers, control of, v2.p123
Astronomical terms, divergent in Sanskrit and Chinese for the same objects, v9.p126
Astronomy, science of, v1.p193
In the Rig-Veda, v1.pp156–167
In the Brahmanic period, v1.p156, v1.p167
Asvamedha = horse-sacrifice, q. v.
Asvamedha, horse-sacrifice, v1.p163
Celebrated by Yudhisthira, v1.p110
Celebrated by Rama, v1.p124
Asvapati, a monarch, v1.p163
Asvayugi, rite performed in the month of Asvayuga, v1.p251
Rites described by Sankhayana, v1.p251
Asvins, v1.p20
Known as great physicians, v1.p74
Atala Masjid built by Ibrahim in 1408, v3.p178
Mosque at Jaunpur, description of, v2.pp178–179
Athaide, Luis de, Portuguese viceroy, v7.p36
Atharva-Veda
Brahmanas of, v1.p93
Character of, v1.p91
Compilation of, v1.p85, v1.p86
Division of, v1.p91
Late in gaining canonicity, v1.pp90–91
Studied by the Brahmans, v9.p137
Athens, ancient sea-commerce of, v6.p10
Atlantic Ocean, ancient and medieval navigation of, v6.pp48–50
Atomic theory in Hindu philosophy, v1.p264, v1.p265
Attila, Hun king, v2.p285
Attock (Atak), town, v2.p54
Attok, a city in the Panjab, v3.p165
Attok, a river of Northern India, v4.p232
Attok, fort of, Jahangir encamps near, v5.p113
Auckland, Lord, Governor-General of India, v8.p392
Augsburg, mediaeval trade emporium, v6.p34, v6.p217
Decline of, v6.p35
Augustine, St., on the expansion of empires, v8.p495
Augustines, convent of the, at Goa, v6.p135
Augustus Caesar
Hindu embassy to, v9.pp66–67
Receives embassies from either Pandion or Poros, v9.p3
Augustus, Indian embassies to, v2.p367
Aurangabad, a city in Berar, v4.p155, v4.p218
Aurangzib, Moghul Emperor of Delhi, v3.p143
Ability of, v4.p109
Abolishes custom of the monarch appearing at a window at stated times, v5.p344
Accession of, v8.p30
Administrative system of, v4.pp138–142
Alms distributed by, v5.p332, v5.p335, v5.p336
Ascends the throne, v4.p120, v4.p125
Ascetic habits of, v4.p108
Besieges Bijapur and Golkonda, v4.pp158–163
Birth and early career of, v4.pp107–109
Bravery of, in battle, v4.p114, v4.p125
Cares little for display, v4.p138
Civil war breaks out on the death of, v8.pp75–76
Compared with Louis XIV, v8.pp52–53
Death of, in 1707, v4.p172, v4.p219, v5.p347, v8.p75
Deccan wars of, v3.p193
Description of the personality and character of, v4.p126, v4.pp129–130, v1.pp168–172
Description of tomb of, v5.pp347–348
Devotion of, to Islam, v4.p121, v4.p218
Excludes Hindu writers from holding public office, v5.p335
Fanaticism of, against unbelievers, v4.p145
Final illness of, v5.pp345–346
First campaigns of, v4.pp108–109
Governs as viceroy in the Deccan, v4.p106, v4.p107, v4.p111, v4.p161
Has mosques repaired at expense of state, v5.p336
Holds court three times a day to redress wrongs, v5.p334
Idea of, regarding sovereignty, v4.pp126–127
Joins forces with Murad Bakhsh, v4.p112
Justice of, v5.p334
Last years of, v4.pp167–172
Laws promulgated by, v5.p343
Levee of, described, v4.pp135–136
Liberality of, v5.p337
Mosque of, at Benares, v4.p146
Observes the Moghul custom of being weighed, v4.pp136–137
Opposed by Sivaji, v4.pp153–156
Opposed by the Rajputs, v4.p161
Orders the compilation of a digest of Mohammedan canon law, v5.pp337–338
Partakes of no animal food, v4.p122
Picture of, v4.p127
Piety of, v5.pp332–333
Prohibits music and dancing, v5.pp343–344
Puritanical character of, v4.pp121–144
Reigns for fifty years, v5.p331
Revives the jizya (poll-tax), v4.p16, v4.pp147–148
Ruin of the kingdom of, v4.pp145–172
Seizes the throne of the Moghul Empire, v7.p287
Summary of the reign of, v4.pp173–174, v4.p177, v4.p188
Takes as his title Alamgir, “World-compeller”, v4.p121
Teaches the faith to infidels, v5.p335
The last great Moghul emperor, v4.p1, v4.p16
Wages war on the Marathas, v4.pp165–107, v4.p183
Wars of, in Southern India, v8.pp48–49
Wives of, v4.p138
Austria and France, alliance of, v8.p136
Autos da fé in India, v7.p42
Avanti = Malwa, q. v.
Avantivarman, King of Kashmir, v2.p328
Avesta
Age of the, v9.pp328–329
Possible allusions to Aryan customs in, v1.p24
Avicenna, an Arab philosopher, v3.p31
Aviz, house of, see Portugal
Aybek, Kutb-ad-din, first slave king of Delhi, v3.p63
Taken prisoner at Khwarizm, but recaptured, v3.p70
A slave formerly owned and educated by the chief kadi of Naishapur, v3.p70
Brought as a slave from Turkistan to Khorasan and purchased by Mohammad Ghori, v3.p70
Master of horse under Mohammad Ghori, v3.p70
Successor of Prithivi Raja of Ajmir, v3.p70
Ayodhya, capital of the Kosalas, v1.p119
Social life in, in the Brahmanic period, v1.p149
Ayub Khan unsuccessfully attempts to become Amir of Afghanistan, v8.p443
Ayur-Veda, a Sanskrit medical work, studied by the Brahmans, v9.p137
Azadpur, name given Ikdala, a city of Bengal, by Firoz Shah, v3.p151
Azam Khan, an amir under Akbar, v4.p210
Azam, prince, a son of Aurangzib, v4.p107, v4.p138, v4.p149, v4.p169, v4.p171, v4.p174
Azes I and II, Indo-Parthian kings, v2.p207, v2.p217
Azevedo, Jeronimo de, Portuguese commander of fleet sent against the English in 1615, v7.p47
Azilises, Indo-Parthian king, v2.p207
Azores reached by Portuguese ships (14th century), v6.p50
Taken as a starting-point for the Papal demarcation line (1493), v6.p63
Sir Francis Drake captures a Spanish vessel off the, v6.p206
Azurara quoted, v6.p54, v6.pp59–60
This collection transcribed by Chris Gage