–A–

Ajubat-az-Zaman Afsah-al-Ajam Siraj-ad-din Minhaj, appointed judge of the army of Hindustan, v5.p82

Abastanoi, tribe, v2.p88

Abbad ibn Ziyad makes war on Hind, v5.p4

Victorious at Kandahar, v5.pp4–5

Abbas Khan, historian of Sher Shah, v3.p230

Abbasid caliphs founded capital at Baghdad, v3.p16

Abdal, lord of the marches of Tibet, retires to fort of Kaharphucha, v5.p328

Abd-al-Hakk, an architect of the reign of Firoz Shah, v3.p151

Abd-al-Hamid

Mohammedan historian, selection from, v5.pp320–323

Extract from Padshah Namah of, regarding Kasim Khan’s siege of Hugli, v6.pp277–283

Extract from Padshah Namah of, regarding Shah Jahan’s anti-Christian measures, v6.pp283–284

Abdallah ibn Suar-al-Abdi

Sent to the frontier of Hind, v5.p4

Slain by the Turks after his return to Kikan, v5.p4

Abd-an-Nabi, chancellor under Akbar, v4.p30, v4.p46

Abd-ar-Rahman becomes Amir of Afghanistan under British protection, v8.pp443–444

Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Abu Muslim Mughallis al-Abdi

Appointed to the frontier of Sind under the Abbasids, v5.p18

Proceeds against Mansur ibn Jamhur al-Kalbi, but is slain by him, v5.p18

Abd-ar-Razzak, a noble of Golkonda, v4.p162

Abhidhamma Pitaka, contains Buddhist metaphysics, v1.p283

Abhidharmas, v9.p139

Abhisara, country in lower hills, v2.p64, v2.p66, v2.p67, v2.p75

Abi-al-futuh, ruler of Multan

Evil doings of, v5.pp49–50

Takes his property and deserts Multan, v5.p51

Abisaros (Abhisara), an Indian king, v9.p19

Abish, Persian queen, v5.p103

Aborigines, wars with, v1.p30

Description of, in Rig-Veda, v1.pp34–35

First Hinduized, v1.p37

Formed Sudra caste, v1.p84

Abraham and his descendants, settlements of, in Asia Minor and Egypt, v6.p4

Abu Abdallah Mohammad ibn Ibrahim at-Tai

Commander of vanguard of army of Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p58

Wounded in battle with Nidar Bhim, v5.p62

Abu Bekr, grandson of Firoz Shah, v3.p161

Abu Hanifa of Kufa, a Mohammedan Imam, v5.p88

Doctrines of, fostered by Aurangzib, v5.p334

Abu Muslim, v5.p18

Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Mohammad Farghuni, ruler of Juzjan, v5.p54

Abu Zaid of Ziraf, historian, quoted, v6.p79

Abu-l-Ash’as, death of, at Kusdar, v5.p5

Abu-l-Aswad Jahm ibn Zahr-al-Ju’fi joins Mohammad ibn Kasim on the borders of Sind, v5.p7

Abu-l-Dalhat al-Munabba ibn Assad as-Sami, of tribe of Kuraish, amir of Multan, v5.p27

Abu-l-Fazl

Becomes Akbar’s treasurer at Delhi, v4.p46

Commands an army for Akbar in the Deccan, v4.p48, v4.pp201–213

Death of, v4.p69

Guides religious discussions at the court, v4.p39

Maligns Islam to Akbar, v5.p281

On Persian painting, v4.p38

Pantheistic views of, v4.p42

Persian scholar, historian, premier, and leader, at Akbar’s court, v4.p15, v4.p26, v4.p33, v4.p34, v4.p36, v4.p44, v4.p45

Translates Gospels of Christ for Akbar, v4.pp40–41

Value of the Akbarnamah of, v4.p47

Verses of, on God, v4.p40

Abulfeda on the importance of Malacca, v6.p29

Abu-l-Hasan, king of Golkonda, v4.p160

Defeat of, v4.pp161–163

Abu-l-Mundar Omar ibn Abdallah, of the tribe of Kuraish, governor of Mansura, v5.p27

Abu-l-Samma, later governor of Sind, attends Daud ibn Yazid ibn Hatim into Sind, v5.p21

Abyssinia

Albuquerque’s project to turn the Nile through the mountains of, v6.p103, v6.p104

Early Christianity in, v6.p60, v6.p61

Holy Relics from, v6.p108

The country of Prester John, v6.p61

The Portuguese travellers Covilham and Paiva reach, v6.p60, v6.p61

Achin, Raja of

Enters into a treaty with the Dutch, in 1600, for the establishment of a resident factory, v7.p68

Raja of, finds that his Sumatra vassals have pledged allegiance to Dutch, v7.p39

Achin, Sumatra

Arrival of Lancaster’s squadron at, v7.p2

First strategic point in Dutch policy, v7.p68

Acre

Ancient trade-route through, v6.p2

Egyptian merchant fleets sailed around, v6.p23

Act of 1813 throws open Indian trade to England as a nation, v7.p272

Actions, five, in Vaisesika philosophy, v1.p266

Acts, in Nyaya philosophy, v1.p263

Acts, two, passed by Parliament in 1773, v8.p229

Adams, William

Death of, v7.p22

Imprisoned by the Emperor of Japan, but subsequently released and given a large estate, v7.pp21–22

Influence of, gains trade privileges for the Dutch in Japan, v7.p22

Native festival celebrated in Japan commemorating residence of, v7.p22, v7.p25

Permanent residence of, in Japan, v7.p22

Pilot-major of a Dutch fleet in 1598, v7.p21

Aden

An important trade centre, v8.p2

Blockaded and besieged by the Portuguese, v6.p104, v6.p109, v6.p124, v6.pp125–126, v6.p140, v6.p141, v6.pp146–147, v6.p152

British protectorate of, v8.p474

Captured by the Turks under Solyman (1538), v6.p125

Its command of the Red Sea route, v6.p104, v6.p109, v6.pp124–126, v6.pp146–147, v6.p168

Occasional submission of, to Portugal, v6.p125

Passes again to the Arabs (1630), v6.p126

Sultan of Cairo attempts to take, v6.p125

Adham Khan, foster-brother of Akbar, v4.p7

Death of, v4.p8

Adhvaryus, class of Vedic priests, duties of, v1.p86

Adil Khan attacks Goa, v6.p143

Adil Shah murders the son of Islam Shah, v3.p241

Adil Shah, Yusuf, king of Bijapur and Goa, v6.pp132–133

Adil Shahs, dynasty of Bijapur, v3.p192

Adil Shahs, dynasty of the, v4.p106, v4.p110, v4.p168, v4.p218

Aditi, Vedic goddess, v1.p69

Aditya, an idol in Multan dedicated to the sun

Description of, v9.p177

Destroyed by Jalam ibn Shaiban, v9.p177

Adityas, sons of Aditi, v1.p69

Twelve, the suns of the months, v1.p69

Adityasena, of later Gupta dynasty, v2.p283

Administration

Megasthenes’s account of, v1.pp210–212

Of Akbar, v4.pp26–33

Of Aurangzib, v4.p121, v4.pp138–142, v4.p147

Of Jahangir, v4.p60, v4.pp76–77

Of Shah Jahan, v4.pp96–100, v4.p105

Adoni, city of Vijayanagar, attacked by Bahmanid Sultan Mohammad I, v3.p189

Adoption, Hindu law of, v1.p58

Of a son, part of Hindu religion, v1.p166

Adornment, according to Megasthenes, v1.pp218–219

Adultery, a criminal offence, v1.p220

Aelian, mention of suttee by, v9.p73

Affonso IV of Portugal, v6.p40

Affonso V (the African) of Portugal, v6.p55

Afghan blood-feud, v4.p7

Cavalry, under Himu, v4.p4

Dynasty holds Bengal, v4.p2

Governor, expelled by Adham Khan, v4.p8

Afghan restoration, Mahmud Lodi, the last chance for, v3.p217

Afghan sovereignty in Northern India, decay of, v6.p82

Afghan War, first, v8.p441

Second, v8.pp442–444

Afghanistan, a country, v3.p3

British protectorate, v8.p481

Campaigns by Aurangzib in, v4.p108, v4.p167, v4.p180

Delimitation of, v8.p445

First English campaign in, v8.p401

Political importance of, to Great Britain, v8.pp445–446

Russian intrigues against, v8.p439

Why necessarily protected by England, v8.pp482–483

Afghans

A chief of, commands the Rohillas, v4.p183

Abdali tribe of, v4.p182

Advance of, into the Doab, v3.p211

Ahmad Shah leader of the, v4.pp184–187

Allied with Moghuls, v4.p187

Defeated by Babar on the Ganges, v3.p217

Dynastic list of the, v3.p254

Fall back from Kanauj at approach of Babar, v3.p216

Flee before Babar, v3.p218

Flee over the Ganges, routed by Humayun, v3.p211

Ghilzai tribe of, v4.p180

Of Antarbed (Doab), v4.p239

Slain in battle, v4.p262

Territory of the, v4.p48

Afif, panegyrist in the reign of Firoz Shah, v3.p150

Africa, early circumnavigation of, v6.pp47–49

Agalassoi, tribe, v2.p81

Agamas, sacred books of the Jains, v1.p228

Agathokles Dikaios, Indo-Greek king, v2.p203, v2.p401

Agents, European, in India, v4.p67, v4.p95

Agha Muhammad Zaman, Moslem governor of Orissa, v7.p236

Agnello, Italian assayer, v6.p184

Agni, the god of fire, v1.pp71–72

Agnihotra, daily milk-libation to sacred fire, v1.p162

Agnimitra

Son of Pushpamitra, v1.p321

Sunga king, v2.p180, v2.p183, v2.p185

Agnishtoma, Soma sacrifice, v1.p163

Agnosticism of Sankhya philosophy counteracted by Yoga school, v1.p257

Agnyadhana, ceremony, v1.pp163–165

Agra, city of India, v3.p42

Babar returns to, v3.p217

Battle near, v4.p174, v4.p222, v4.p223

Description of, v3.p217

Description of, by Mandelslo, v4.p96

Detachment sent by Babar to occupy, v3.p208

Distance of, from Ajmir, v4.p11

English factory (= trading-post) at, v4.p94

Fort and palaces, v4.p102, v4.p118

Gate of, at Fathpur-Sikri, v4.p16

Hawkins arrives at, v4.p59

Held by Ahmad Shah, v4.p228

Hindal’s return to, v3.p234

Hot climate of, v4.p113, v4.pp241–242

In possession of Humayun in 1555, v3.p241

Land east and south of, unsubdued, v3.p209

Marched upon by Shah Shuja’, v4.p111

Mentioned in an inscription of Akbar, v4.p49

Metropolis of Akbar and the Moghul emperors, v4.p130, v4.p165, v4.p167, v4.p104

Mints of Mohammad Taghlak at, v3.p143

Missionaries at, v4.p89, v4.p133

Mosque at, v4.p126

Near to Fathpur-Sikri, v4.p35

Occupied by Himu, v4.p3

Pearl mosque at, v4.p102

Raids by Bahadur Shah against, v3.p229

Receives Akbar, v4.p5

Seized by Ibrahim Sur, v3.p241

Spoil of treasury of, divided among troops, v3.p208

Taj Mahal at, v4.pp100–102

Visited by Jesuits, v4.p37

Visited by Mandelslo, v4.p93, v4.p96

Visited by Mir Jumla, v4.p110

Agra, prayers read in name of Humayun, at, v5.p266

Agrahayani, rite performed in month of Agrahayana, v1.p251

Agrarian laws, v1.p223, v1.p224

Agriculture, v1.p8

Among the ancient Hindus, v1.p18

Derivation of Sanskrit word for, v1.p18

Encouraged by Akbar, v4.p28, v4.p29, v4.p31

Flourishes in reign of Ala-ad-din, v3.p118

Agriculture, Dutch, importance of, v7.p59

Agriculture, Hindu, v9.p151

Aguazil (administrator), Timoj a appointed chief, in Goa, v6.p133

Ahdallah ibn Amar ibn Kuraiz appointed to the government of Irak, v5.p2

Ahmad Beg Kabuli, displeases Jahangir and is removed from his fief of Peshawar, v5.p315

Ahmad Hasan Maimandi, vizir of Mas’ud, v3.p38

Ahmad I founds the fortresses of

Ahmad Khan, ruler in Mewat, v3.p173

Ahmad Niyaltagin, governor of Hindustan, under Mas’ud, v2.pp42–43

Ahmad Shah Abdali, Afghan leader, v8.p170

Seizes the Panjab, v8.p77

Invades Northern India, v8.p192, v8.p191

Contest of, with the Sikhs, v8.p269

Death of, v8.p269

Ahmad Shah I, Bahmanid king of the Deccan, crushes Warangal, v3.p187

Ahmad Shah, Abdali, an Afghan ruler, v4.p182

Invades India, v4.pp182–184, v1.pp228–252

Victory of, at Panipat, v4.pp184–186, v4.p262

Ahmadabad, (Ahmedabad), a district and town in the Bombay Presidency

Chief city of Gujarat, v3.p183, v3.p230

City, v2.p284

Coinage at, v4.p111

Condition of streets and roads in, v9.p295

Cruelty of the governor of, v4.pp95–96

Death of Dara at, v4.p119

Description of a small chapel near, v9.p302, v9.p305

Description of the caravanserai in, v9.p295

Description of the Great Mogul’s palace at, v9.pp297–299

Description of the market-place of, v9.pp296–297

English agency at, v7.p201

Merchants of, v4.p94

Persian the prevailing language in, v9.p297

Pietro della Valle arrives at, v9.p294

Retaken by Akbar, v4.p14

Visited by Pietro della Valle, v4.p79

Wrongs of the English at, righted by Jahangir, v9.pp312–313

Ahmadnagar and Ahmadabad, v3.p183

Ahmadnagar, a town in the Bombay Presidency

Capital of Nizam Shah dynasty, v3.p192

Captured and lost by Malik Amber, v4.p106, v4.p107

Retreat of Aurangzib to, v4.p170

Surrenders to Akbar, v4.p49, v4.p211, v4.p213

Ahriman, the evil principle according to the Zoroastrian faith, v5.p195

Ahsanabad, name given by Hasan Gangu to city of Kulbarga, v3.p187

Ahura Mazda, Iranian equivalent of Varuna, v1.p63

Aijubarrota, battle of (1385), v6.p40

Ailly, D’, Cardinal Pierre, Imago Mundi of, quoted, v6.p58

Ain-al-Mulk Husain Ashghari, minister of Malik Nasir-ad-din Kubacha, v5.p99

Ain-i Akbari, an account of Akbar’s reign, v4.p47

Aitareya Brahmans, coronation ceremony in, v1.pp131–132

Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of, and the restoration of Madras, v8.p107

Ajanta, caves and frescoes at, v2.p362

Ajatasatru = Kunika, history of, v2.pp28–36

Ajatasatru, son of Rajagriha, v1.p298

Ajivakas, a sect of ascetics, v1.p328

Ajivika, sect, v2.p146, v2.p148, v2.p158, v2.p176

Ajmir

Akbar makes a pilgrimage to, v4.p43

Annexation of, to Arab domains, v3.p68

City of Rajputana, v3.p58

Distance of, from Agra, v4.p11

Hills of, v4.p119

Inscribed Sanskrit plays at, v2.p16

Lords of, rally to Rana Sauga’s standard, v3.p211

Mosque at, v3.p72

Taken by Akbar, v4.p2

Taken by Mahmud the Khalji, v3.p181

Used as military base, v4.p149

Ajodhya, in Gupta period, v2.p265

Akaba, Gulf of, Solomon’s harbours on the shores of the, v6.p7

Akat Khan, nephew of Ala-ad-din

Tries unsuccessfully to usurp the throne, v3.p105

Death of, v3.p106

Akbar Namah of Illahbad Faizi, a chronicle, selection from, v4.pp163–214

Akbar the Great, founder of the Moghul Empire (1556–1605), v2.p309, v2.p329, v2.p343

A model of an Indian sovereign, v4.p123, v4.p129

A son born to, v4.p35

Accession and long reign of, v4.p1, v4.p2, v6.p83

Annexes Khandesh and Berar, v4.p106

As a reformer, v5.p277

Assumes chief authority in religious matters, v4.pp42–46

Campaign of, in Surat, v6.p261

Christian missionaries at court of, v6.pp269–270

Christianity brought to notice of, v5.p284, v5.p287

Conquers Surat, v4.pp13–14

Death of, v4.p60

Declaration of spiritual supremacy of, v5.pp289–291

Defeats Himu, v4.p5

Discovers court intrigues, v4.pp7–9

Disregarded Mohammedan orthodoxy, v4.p123

Distributes valuable books among the learned men, v5.pp279–280

Draws revenue of £18,000,000, v3.p221

Early campaigns of, v4.p3

Eclecticism of, v4.p123

Europeans at court of, v6.pp263–270

Extent of the empire of, v4.p3, v4.pp48–49, v4.p82, v4.p178

Farmaliun at court of, v6.p269

Feudal system under, v4.p139

Fitch visits the court of, v6.p212

Forms alliances with Rajputs, v4.p15

Founder of a great kingdom, v4.p1

Grandson of Babar, v3.p221

Has his capital at Agra, v4.p103, v4.p130, v4.p194

Holds meetings of wise men in the “Hall of Worship”, v5.pp278–279

Holds religious debates, v4.p34, v4.pp39–42

Is plunged into skepticism by sophistries of his friends, v5.pp281–282

Loyalty of Rajputs to, v4.p23, v4.p24

Marches in person against the Deccan, v4.p49, v4.p194

Marriages of, v4.p15

Meets with opposition from Himu of Bengal, v4.p4

Objects to control by Bairam as regent, v4.pp6–7

Orders commentary on Koran to be written, v5.p281

Palace-city of, at Fathpur, v3.p213

Partab Bar and Barsuba at court of, v6.p265

Passes through many religious phases, v5.pp282–284, v5.pp287–289

Personality and ability of, v4.pp9–12

Policy of, as to Persian language, v4.p30

Practises asceticism, v5.p278

Rajputs under, v4.p177

Reforms instituted by, v4.pp15–50

Religious tolerance of, v4.p16, v4.p33, v4.p51, v4.p60

Repudiates Islam, v5.p284

Sent in pursuit of fugitive Afghans, v3.p241

Shows a fondness for innovation, v4.p46

Siege of Chitor by, v4.pp17–23

Social laws of, v4.p18, v4.p17

Studies alchemy, v5.p293

Superstitions of, v4.pp43–44

Takes the fortress of Asirgarh, v4.p49, v4.pp193–214

Thinks that the end of Islam has come, v5.pp291–292

Throne of, occupied by Aurangzib, v4.p16

Troops of, v4.p176

Under influence of Hindu teachings, v5.p287

Under Zoroastrian influence, v5.p288

Akbar, prince, a son of Aurangzib, v4.p138, v4.p149

Rebels against his father, v4.p149

Akbarnamah, a history of Akbar, by Abu-l-Fazl, v4.p47

Akesines = Chinab river, v2.p64, v2.p69, v9.p8, v9.p18

Confluence with Hydaspes of, v2.p79

Confluence with Hydraotes of, v2.p87

Date of passage of, v2.p396

Egyptian beans found in the, v9.p14

Return to, v2.p75

Ala-ad-din Bahram Shah, son of Malik Nasir-ad-din Kubacha, sent to attend court of Shams-ad-din Altamish, v5.p100

Ala-ad-din Husain (Jahan-soz) destroys Ghazni in 1165, v3.p52

Death of, v3.p53

Ala-ad-din Jani appointed to the throne of Lakhnauti, v5.p100

Makes war against Raziya, but is slain, v5.pp105–106

Ala-ad-din Khan collects an army and invades Delhi, v5.pp238–239

Portion of army of, leaves him and goes to the Doab, while others desert to standard of Ibrahim, v5.p241

Details of unsuccessful rebellion of, against Sultan Ibrahim, v5.pp237–243

Tenders allegiance to Sultan Ibrahim, v5.p243

Submits to Babar, v5.p247

Ala-ad-din, greatest of the Khalji rulers, v5.p141

Duration of the reign of, twenty years, v5.p141

Army of, halted at Tankal, v5.p144

Army of, leaves Delhi on expedition against Ma’bar, v5.p144

Route of march of army of, v5.p144, v5.p145

Marches against Billal Deo at fort of Dhur Samundar, v5.p147

Ala-ad-din, Khalji emperor, v4.p26

Spread of Mohammedanism under, v4.p188

Ala-ad-din, Sultan of Delhi, depravity of, causes Nasir-ad-din to usurp the throne, v5.p116

Ala-ad-din

Usurps the throne of Jalal-ad-din Firoz Shah in 1290, v3.p97

Recruits to army of, v3.p98

Takes throne of Delhi in 1296, v2.pp98–99

A successful soldier, v3.p99

Victorious at Devagiri, v3.p101

Mutiny in 1298 of troops of, v3.p103

Disposition of, v3.p104

Proclaims himself “the second Alexander”, v3.p104

Dreams of founding a new religion, v3.p104

Repressive measures of, v2.pp107–110

Conversation of, with the kadi of Biana, v2.pp111–114

Interference of, with trade and laws of supply and demand, v3.p116

Preparation of, for defensive operations, v3.p116

Pay of soldiers in army of, v3.p116

Experiments of, in political economy, v2.pp116–118

New army of, everywhere victorious over the Mongols, v3.p118

Victorious at Chitor, v3.p115, v3.p119

Victorious at Rantambhor, v3.p119

Army of, takes Warangal, v3.p120

Résumé of the reign of, v2.pp120–121

Death of, in 1316, v3.p121

Anarchy on death of, v3.p122

Chief figure of Khalji dynasty, v3.p129

Results of his Deccan campaigns lost to Hasan Gangu, v3.p186

Alahwar (Lahore), a district of India, v5.p4

Alam Khan Ala-ad-din, uncle of Ala-ad-din Lodi

Appeals to Babar for help, v3.p198, v3.p204

Established at Dipalpur by Babar, v3.p205

Alamgir II, Moghul emperor in 1754, v4.p183, v4.p184, v4.p228

Death of, v4.p232

Alamgir, “world-compeller”, title of Aurangzib, v4.p121, v4.p219, v4.p228, v4.p238

Alara, teacher of Buddha, v1.p290

al-Bailaman

People of, surrender to Mohammad ibn Kasim, v5.p13

Conquered by Junaid ibn Abd-ar-Rahman al-Marri, v5.p17

al-Baiza (the white), a city built by Amran ibn Musa ibn Yahya, v5.p5, v5.p22

al-Baladhuri, a Mussulman chronicler of Baghdad, v5.p1

Selections from history of, v5.pp2–24

Albergaria, Soarez de, see Soarez

Alberuni on India, v2.p15

al-Biruni

Account of the Hindu religion by, v9.pp154–199

Arab chronologist, v3.p31

Albuquerque, Affonso de (Affonso d’Alboquerque)

Besieges Aden (1513), v6.p104, v6.pp125–126

Cares for the abandoned women and children of the Turks and Rumes in Goa, v9.pp230–231

Conqueror of Goa, v4.p62, v4.p65

Death of, in 1515, v6.p90, v6.pp107–108, v9.p227

Employs native troops, v6.p140, v6.pp149–150

Encourages colonization, v6.p142

Erects fort at Cochin and factory at Quilon, v6.p90, v6.p115

Expedition of, to India, v6.pp89–90

First expedition of, to India, v6.pp89–91

Fortress of, at Ormuz (1515), v6.p104, v6.p115, v6.pp123–124

Gains possession of Goa, v9.pp228–233

Government and conquests of, v6.pp102–108, v6.pp113–116, v6.pp147–149, v6.p151

Hatred of, for the Mussulmans, v6.p81, v6.pp99–100, v6.pp103–105, v6.p108, v6.pp118–120

Issues a proclamation that the inhabitants of Goa should be immune from pillage, v9.pp229–230

Mutiny of commanders of (1508), v6.pp100–102

Policy of, in India and the East, v6.p77, v6.pp89–91, v6.pp92–93, v6.pp103–108, v6.pp113–116, v6.pp126–127

Project of, for ransoming the Temple of Jerusalem by carrying off the body of Mohammed from Mecca, v6.p81, v6.p104

Project of, to divert the channel of the Nile to the Red Sea, v6.pp103–104

Proposal of, to exterminate Spanish and Portuguese Jews in India, v6.pp170–171

Protects native Christians in India, v6.pp89–91

Protects native Christians in Socotra, v6.pp99–100

Reaches India in 1503, v9.p227

Receives Diu from the king of Gujarat, v3.p185

Recommends the cultivation of the opium poppy in Portugal, v6.p152

Second expedition of, to India by way of the Red Sea, v6.p98

Second governor of Portuguese India (1509–15), v6.p98, v6.pp102–106, v6.pp107–108

Takes Goa and establishes Portuguese power on west coast of India (1510), v6.p105, v6.p116, v6.pp132–134

Takes Malacca and erects a fortress (1511), v6.p106, v6.p115, v6.pp126–127

Takes Socotra (1507), v6.p99

Treaty of, with Ormuz and control of the Persian Gulf, v6.p100

Zeal of, for Christianity, v6.pp89–91, v6.pp99–100, v6.p108, v6.pp118–119, v6.p162

Alcacar Sequer taken by Prince Henry of Portugal from the Moors (1458), v6.p55

Alcacora, treaty of, between Spain and Portugal (1479), v6.pp62–63

Aldworth, Thomas, receives first grant for an English settlement in India, v7.p195

Alexander Borgia, Pope, Bull of, dividing the undiscovered non-Christian world, v8.p5

Alexander III, Bull of 1179 of, v6.pp64–65

Alexander the Great, v2.p3, v3.p15

According to Krateros, advanced to the Ganges, v9.p28

Advanced into Sind, v2.p88

Advanced to Hydaspes, v2.p57

Advanced to Patala, v2.p91

Advanced to Taxila, v2.p56

Appointed satraps, v2.p87

Army of, halts exhausted, at the Hypanis, v9.p18

Attacked the Malloi, v2.p82

Builds two cities on opposite sides of the Hydaspes, v9.p20

Built altars, v2.p72

Camped at Jihlam, v2.p76

Captured Poros, v2.p67

Chronology of his Indian campaign, v2.p396

Conquers Patalene, v9.p25

Conquers Poros, v9.p20

Courteously received by King Taxiles, v9.p18

Crossed Hindu Kush, v2.p42

Crossed Hydraotes, v2.p69

Crosses the Kophes and conquers the country to the east, v9.p17

Dangerously wounded, v2.p86

Despatched Nearchos, v2.p93

Determines to invade Egypt from India, but abandons his plans, v9.p14

Dynasties before, v2.p22

Entered Susa in April, 324 B.C., v2.p99

First European to enter India, v4.p62

Found the Indus boundary of India, v2.p36

Founded Boukephala and Nikaia, v2.p67

His death, v2.p102

In danger of losing his life from a wound, v9.p25

Makes the lands adjacent to the Indus and its tributaries well known, v9.pp24–25

March of, through the East, v9.p1

Marches to the Hypanis and returns to the Hydaspes and sails down it, v9.p23, v9.p24

Massacred mercenaries, v2.p48

Met Chandragupta Manua, v2.p40, v2.p105

Met Nearchos, v2.p97

Obtains material for shipbuilding from the Emoda Mountains, v9.p20

Occupied Ora and Bazira, v2.p49

Prepared for return to Persia, v2.p93

Promoted Poros, v2.p76

Reached the sea, v2.p92

Restores his conquered Indian territories to Poros, v9.p3

Route of, in India, v9.p14, v9.p17

Started on voyage, v2.p77

Stormed Massaga, and was again wounded, v2.p47

Suffered much in Gedrosia, v2.p98

Took Aornos, v2.p64

Transitory effects of his raid, v2.p102

Wars of his successors, v2.p104

Wounded in Minn. valley, v2.p44

Alexander the second. – See Ala-ad- din, v3.p104

Alexander VI, Bulls of, granting trade privileges and monopolies to Spain and Portugal, v6.p63, v6.p64, v6.pp65–66, v6.p85

Alexandria, an important trade centre for nearly eighteen centuries, v8.p1

Alexandria, founded 332 B.C., entrepôt of Indo-European trade, v6.p21, v6.p23, v6.pp30–31, v6.p175

Indian merchants in, v6.pp27–28

Library of, v6.p48

Supposed statue of the river deity Indus in, v6.p28

Venetians in, v6.p31, v6.p168

Alexandrian commerce, v2.p263

Algoa Bay, Bartholemeu Dias reaches (1486), v6.p57

al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, governor of Irak, v5.p5

Death of, v5.p13

Ali Ariyaruk, governor and commander-in-chief for Mahmud of Ghazni in India, v3.p38

Ali ibn Abu-Salib, caliph of Baghdad, v5.p3

Ali ibn Mohammad ibn Abdallah ibn Abu Saif, an Arab historian, v5.p2

Ali Istnall, commander-in-chief at Delhi, v5.p95

Ali Karmakh, chief of Multan, appointed commander at Lahore, v5.p82

Ali Kuli Beg Istajlu, first husband of Nur Jahan, v5.p317

Ali Kuli Khan-zaman, an Uzbeg rebel, v4.p12, v4.p26

Ali Masjid, Jahangir encamps at, v5.p315

Ali Sistani sent to clear a road for Timur’s army, v5.p193

Ali Vardi Khan, Nawab of Bengal, v8.p164

Death of, in 1656, v8.p164

Ali Verdi Khan, a general, v4.p182

Ali, raja of Khandesh, v4.pp194–196

Death of, v4.p199

Ability of, v4.p200

Aligarh captured by the English, v8.p327

Ali-Tigin, Arab general, subdued Bokhara and Samarkand, v3.p2

Aliwal, battle of, v8.p413

Allah Yar Khan real commander of expedition against the Christians at Hugli, v6.pp279–280

Allahabad, a district and city of the Northwest Provinces, v4.p182

Allah-dad and a regiment sent to assist the commanders at Jahan-numa, v5.p200

Allahu Akbar, Moslem religious formula, v4.p41

al-Mahfuzah, a city founded by Hakim ibn Awana al-Kalbi, v5.p17

al-Mansur, caliph of Baghdad, v5.p21

al-Manzar ibn al-Jarud-al-Abdi appointed by Ziyad ibn Abu-Sufian to the frontiers of India, v5.p5

Almeida, Dom Francisco da, first viceroy of Portuguese India (1505–09), v6.p93

Cruelty of, to prisoners, v6.pp117–118

Death of, v6.p103

Defeats the combined fleet of Egypt and Gujarat, in 1509, v3.p185

Government and policy of, v6.pp93–99, v6.p114, v6.pp117–118

Takes Quiloa in Africa, v6.p94, v6.p148

Together with his son Lourenco overcomes Arab power in the Malabar ports and defeats the Zamorin, v6.pp96–97

Victory of, off Diu (1509), v6.pp96–98, v6.pp101–103

Almeida, Lourenco da (son of Dom Francisco da Almeida)

Heroic death of, in sea-fight with the Mussulmans, v2.pp184–185, v6.p97, v6.p102

Portuguese captain, v4.p54

al-Muhallab, sons of, flee to Sind and are killed by Ililal ibn Ahwaz at-Tamimi, v5.p15

Aloes-wood found in the Ganges River, v9.p293

Alor, ancient capital of Sind, v2.p89

Alphabet, Indian, v9.p135

Alphabets, Phoenician and Sabman, v6.p4

Malayalam (Vattelutta), v6.p80

Alptagin founds kingdom in Afghan mountains, v2.pp17–18

Alrur (Alor), a city of Sind

Besieged by and surrendered to Mohammad ibn Kasim, v5.pp11–12

People of, submit to Habib ibn al-Muhallab, v5.p15

A dependency of Mansura, v5.p31

Alsakah, a town in India, captured by Mohammad ibn Kasim, v5.p12

Altuniya, governor of Tabarhindah, v3.p79

Captured by Hindus and killed, v5.p109

Death of, v3.p79

Leads Raziya’s army toward Delhi to regain her kingdom, v5.p108

Revolt, v5.p108

Altuntash, chamberlain of Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p55

Commander of centre of Mahmud of Ghazni’s army, v5.p61

al-Usaifan, country between Kashmir, Multan, and Kabul, Abu Bakr’s account of, to al-Baladhuri, v5.p23

King of, turns Mussulman, v5.pp23–24

Alva, Duke of, persecutes the Protestants, v6.p208

Amardi, Jahangir encamps at, v5.p311

Amazonian body-guard, v2.p112

Amb = Embolima, v2.p51

Amber, a city of Rajputana

Ruled by Bihari Mal, v4.p16

Princess of, bears a son to Akbar, v4.p36

Opposes Aurangzib, v4.p148

Amber, lords of, rally to Rana Sanga’s standard, v3.p211

Amber, Malik, vizir of Nizam Shah, v4.p82, v4.p106, v4.p107

Ambhi = King of Taxila, v2.p64, v2.p65, v2.p99

Ambissa ibn Ishak az-Zabbi, governor of Sind under Mu’tasim bi-Allah, v5.p9

Amboyna Book against the Dutch suppressed by Parliament, v7.p188

Amboyna massacre, v8.p22

Amboyna, clove island in the Moluccas

Compact in 1600 for the erection of a Dutch castle at, v7.p72

Compact of, with the Dutch in 1600 for the expulsion of the Portuguese, v7.p72

Compensation at length obtained by Cromwell (1654) for outrages at, v7.p155

Contemporary literature of the tragedy of, and manuscript materials enumerated, v7.p119

Dutch allow English one-third of the trade of, v7.p93

Dutch claim exclusive trade with, v7.p109, v7.p113

Dutch imprison English at, v7.p85

Dutch treaties with, and supremacy at, v7.pp113–114

Effect of the massacre at, on subsequent policy of the English in the East, v7.pp150–157

Effects of the massacre at, on the subsequent policy of the Dutch in the East, v7.pp157–163

English agency at, v7.p113

English at, numbered but eighteen, v7.p114

English executed at, v7.p128

English factories at (1623), v7.pp114–115, v7.p117, v7.p119

English resolve to withdraw their factories from, v7.p115, v7.pp123–124

Fruitless negotiations by James I and Charles I to obtain redress for outrages at, v7.pp129–155

Innocence of English at, v7.pp125–128

Judicial aspects of the trial and the use of torture at, v7.pp143–151

Portuguese-Spanish claim to, v6.p227

Position of, v7.p96

Story of the tragedy of, v7.pp109–158

Strength of Dutch at, v7.p114

Torture and judicial murder of English by Dutch at, v7.pp115–130

Tragedy of, caused primarily by Michelborne’s attack on the Dutch at Bantam, v7.p9

Ambria, sub-caste of the Sudras, v9.p244

Amene, Portuguese treaty with, v6.p127

America

Columbus discovers the islands off (1492), v6.p62, v6.pp173–174, v6.p175

Effect of the discovery of, on commerce, v8.pp4–5

French settlements in (1555–64), v6.p194

Verazzani’s expedition to, v6.p194

Amherst, Lord, Governor-General of India, v8.p389

Amida, siege of, v2.p246

Amiens, Peace of, v8.p319, v8.p324

Amir (Omrah), a title of certain rulers and nobles, v4.p128, v4.p139, v4.p140, v4.p162, v4.p193, v4.p194, v4.p219

Amir Khan besieges Jaipur, v8.p378

Disbands his army, v8.p380

Amir Khusru, a Mohammedan historian, characterization of style of, v5.pp141–142

Selection from history of, v5.pp142–153

Amir Khusru, a poet, at court of Balban, v3.p86

Amir Nasr, brother of Mahmud of Ghazni, commander of right wing of Mahmud’s army, v5.p58

Amirs, new, revolt of, v3.p186

Amirs, the foreign, v3.pp142–143

Amitraghata (Amitrochates), title of Bindusara, v2.p127

Amoghavarsha, Chalukya king, v2.p355

Amr ibn Jamal sent to Narand, by the caliph al-Mansur, v5.p21

Amr ibn Mohammad ibn Kasim made an amir, v5.p18

Founds the city of Mansura, v5.p18

Amr ibn Muslim al-Bahali appointed to frontier of Hind by the caliph Omar, v5.p15

Amran ibn Musa ibn Yahya, son of Khalid the Barmacide

Appointed to the frontier of Sind and builds a city called al-Baiza, v5.p5, v5.p22

Death of, v5.p23

Twice makes war upon the Meds, v5.pp22–23

Amrita, the immortal drink, v1.p26

Amsterdam, manufactures of, v7.p59

Becomes European emporium of Indian commerce, v7.p59

Diamond cutting of, v7.p59

Financial strength of, v7.p59

Jews in, v7.p59

Amu Darya = Oxus, river, v2.p198

Amurad II, Sultan, father of Yusuf Adil Shah, v6.p132

Amyntas, Indo-Greek king, v2.p401

Anandpal, son of Jaipal

Conquered by Mahmud of Ghazni, v3.p21

Leader of army against Mahmud of Ghazni, v3.p20

Anangapala Tomara, Raja of Delhi, v2.p329

Anauda, convert to Buddhism, v1.pp293–295

Ancestor-worship among Hindus, v1.p166

Andarabah, on the Sohan, Babar halts at, v5.p233

Andaroi (Andhras), Hindu nation, v1.p205

Andersen, J., an early European traveller in India, v4.p95

Andhra dynastic history, v2.p20, v2.p177, v2.pp187–190, v2.p243

Kingdom, v2.p166, v2.p349

Andhra kingdom, in the Deccan, founding of, v1.p184

Limits of, v1.p203

Andhras, described by Megasthenes, v1.p206

Andkhod, Mu’izz-ad-din defeated in, v5.p95

Andpal, son of Jaipal

Furnishes the fifty elephants demanded of his father as the price of peace, v5.p45

Refusal of, to allow Mahmud of Ghazni to march through his domains results in his downfall, v5.pp50–51

Anga, kingdom of Ancient India, v1.p284

Anga, kingdom, v2.p27

Anglo-Dutch

Alliance against France in 1678, v8.p38

Alliance against Spain and Portugal in the beginning of the seventeenth century, v8.p33

Alliance to drive the Spanish and Portuguese from the coast of India, v8.p13

Joint Stock Company, proposal for a, rejected, v8.p13

Quarrels in the East regarding terms of the treaty of 1619, v7.pp105–108

Treaty of 1619, v7.p220

Treaty of 1619, v8.p22

Treaty of 1654, terms of, v7.pp260–261

War in India in 1651–1654, v8.p29

War, causes leading to, v7.p259

Anglo-French

Alliance against Holland in 1672, v8.p37, v8.p38

Rupture in 1756 regarding the American Colonies, v8.p106

War on the Coromandel coast, v8.p104

Anglo-Portuguese alliance negotiated, v8.p31

Anglo-Russian coalition against France, v8.p355

Anglo-Spanish war of 1739, effect of, on France, v8.p103

Anhalwara, mediaeval city of Gujarat, v3.p28

Conquered by Mohammad Ghori in 1178, v3.p54

Mohammad Ghori victorious at, v3.p59

Defeat of prince of, v3.p71

Anhilwara, city, v2.p284

Animal food, v1.p22

Disliked by Akbar, v4.p10, v4.p16, v4.p44

Not eaten by Aurangzib, v4.p122

Animal life, sanctity of, v2.p149, v2.pp163–167, v2.p183

Animals of India, v9.pp32–38

Animals, v1.p7, v1.p29

Sacrifice of, v1.p22, v1.p160

In ancient India, v1.p217

Sacrifice of, forbidden by Akbar, v4.p16, v4.p44

Wild, hunted by Akbar, v4.p10

Exhibition of fights between, v4.p88

Anjengo, description of, by William Francklin, v9.pp317–318

Antarbed, kingdom of (Doab), v4.p222, v4.p233, v4.p237, v4.p239

Antialkidas Nikephoros, Indo-Greek king, v2.p203, v2.p401

Antigonos

(1) rival of Eumenes, v2.p103

(2) Gonatas, King of Macedonia, v2.p166, v2.p398, v2.p399

Antiochos

(1) the Great, v2.p201, v2.p215, v2.p217

(2) Soter, v2.p128

(3) Theos, v2.p20, v2.p166, v2.p198

Antipater, unable to retain India, v2.p104

Antonio, Don, Prior of Crato, claims the throne of Portugal and seeks refuge in England, v6.p191

Antwerp

Commerce of, v6.pp202–203, v6.p206

Emporium of Eastern trade, v6.pp202–203

English, Portuguese, and Spanish merchants in (1550), v6.p203

Portuguese entrepôt for Indian produce, v6.pp202–203, v6.p206

Ruined by Spain, v6.pp206–208

School of cartography at, v6.p200

Subscribes clandestinely to the United Dutch Company, v7.p62

Anukramanis, Vedic indexes, v1.pp193–194

Anuruddha, convert to Buddhism, v1.p293, v1.p295

Anushirvan (Khusru), King of Persia, v2.p291

Aornos

Identity and siege of, v2.p60

Storming of the fortress of, v9.p5

Apastamba, Kalpa Sutra of, v1.pp191–192

A teacher who flourished in the fifth century B.C., v1.p202

Modern followers of, v1.p203

Apes brought to Solomon from India, v6.p8

Apollodorus, author of the “History of Parthia”, v9.p2

Apollodotos, Indo-Greek king, v2.p202

Aptagin

Death of, v3.p88

General of first army sent against Tughril, v3.p88

Arab

Attempt upon India, v3.p3

Geographers, v6.p24, v6.p29, v6.p30, v6.p48

Invaders, v2.p284

Invasion a failure, v3.p14

Invasion of valley of the Indus in 712, v3.p5

Navigators, v6.p21, v6.pp49–50

Traders in China, v6.p28, v6.p29

Traders in India, v6.p29, v6.p81, v6.p83, v6.pp89–90, v6.p92, v6.pp152–153, v6.pp158–159

Traders, v4.p54

Travellers, v6.p30

Arabia

Ancient trade-route through, v6.p2

Arabian Nights, reference to, v6.p49

Horses imported into India from, v6.p158

Opium from, v6.pp152–153

Under the Romans, v6.pp10–11

Arabian Sea, Mamluks defeat the Portuguese on, v3.p184

Western limit of the Bahmanid kings of the Deccan, v3.p186

Arabioi, tribe, v2.p94, v2.p99

Arabs’ account of wealth of India, v3.p3

Aracan, pirates of, threaten the sea-coast of the Moghul Empire, v7.p205

Armada of 1588, v7.p45

Arachosia = the Kandahar country, v2.p30, v2.p91

Sibyrtios, satrap of, v2.p100

Aradh-iha (Seivia), a sect of the Brahmans, v9.pp257–258

Arakan, a division of Lower Burma, British India, v4.p120

Annexed, v4.p144, v8.p390

King of, v4.p143

War in, v4.p142

Aral, sea of, v3.p31

Aram, son of Kutb-ad-din, unfit to succeed to the throne, v5.p92

Aranyakas, compilation of, v1.p85

General character of, v1.p94

Of the Rig-Veda, v1.p94

Of the Yajur-Veda, v1.pp94–95

Aravali range, in Rajputana, v3.p182

Arcadius, Roman emperor, v2.p367

Archaeology, results obtained from, v2.p9, v2.p15, v2.p260

Archangel, English trade to Persia by way of, v6.p181

Archers (arrows), v4.p4, v4.p85, v4.p99, v4.p112, v4.pp113–114, v4.p238

Archias, officer of Nearchos, v2.p97

Architecture, at Fathpur-Sikri, v4.pp36–37

Hindu, v9.p131

In Gupta period, v2.pp279–280

Indian, earliest examples of, v2.p125

Mohammedan and Hindu, v4.p189

Not Greek, v2.p217

Of New Delhi, v4.p103

Of the Taj Mahal, v4.pp100–102

Argaum, battle of, v8.p327

Arhant (an aspect of Buddha), directions for constructing an idol of, v9.p180

Arhata, a sacred pond, v9.p191

Aria = the Herat country, v2.p36, v2.p108

Ariana, cession of part of, v2.p108, v2.p214

Aristoboulos, a Greek historian, v9.p1

On the irrigation of India, v9.pp7–8

Arjumand Bann (Mumtaz-i-Mahal), the empress of Shah Jahan and lady of the Taj, v4.p89, v4.p104

Death of, v4.p104

Arjuna, one of the five Pandava princes, v1.p101

Conflict of, with Karna, v1.p110

Discovery of, v1.p108

Kills Bhishma, v1.p109

Kills Karna, v1.p110

Recovers cattle stolen from Virata, v1.p108

Rise of, as a god, v1.p169

Skill of, v1.p102

Usurper, v2.pp316–317

Wins the hand of Draupadi, v1.p105

Arkali Khan, son of Jalal-ad-din Firoz Shah, v3.p98

Arkot (Arcot) seized by Clive, v8.pp119–120

Arkturos (Arktos), the Great Bear, v9.p7

Armada, the Spanish, references to, v6.p190, v6.p192, v6.p197, v6.p205, v6.p209

Armagon

English seek refuge at, but return to Masulipatam, v7.p225, v7.pp227–228

Position of, v7.p227

Was the first fortified English garrison in India, v7.p227

Armail, taken by Mohammad ibn Kasim, v5.p8

Armenia, position of, historically analogous with that of modern Afghanistan, v8.p483

Armenian woman, in Akbar’s harem, v4.p15

Hawkins compelled to marry an, v4.p63

Arms, coats of, of the English East India Company, v6.pp255–256

Arms, Indian, v2.p62, v2.p114

Army of Babar almost destitute for food, v3.p209

Army, Hindu, four divisions of a, v9.p143

Army, Moghul

Contrasted with Maratha and Hindu, v4.p223

Decline of, v4.p166, v4.p170

Employment of Marathas in, v4.p163

Under Akbar, v4.p32

Under Aurangzib, v4.pp139–140

Under Jahangir, v4.p67, v4.pp76–77

Under Shah Jahan, v4.p99

Aror = Alor, v2.p89

Arras, battle at, v8.p245

Arrian, Greek historian, v1.p213

Arrian, on India, v2.p13

Arsakes, leader of Parthian revolt, v2.p200

Arsha marriage, v1.p238

Arslan Khan Sanjar

Rumours of rebellion of, against Nasir-ad-din, v5.pp132–133

Prevailed upon to do homage to Nasir-ad-din, v5.p133

Appointed to rule over Karra, v5.p133

Arslan Shah, brother of Bahram, v3.p48

Arslan-al-Jazib, commander of left wing of Mahmud of Ghazni’s army, v5.p58

Art

Examples of Mohammedan, Indian, Chinese, and Persian at Fathpur-Sikri, v4.pp36–39

Indian, earliest examples of, v2.p125

Patronized by the Moghuls, v4.pp132–133

Traces of Christian influence on Indian, v4.p37

Artillery, v4.p100, v4.p113, v4.p140, v4.p187, v4.p204, v4.p270

Artisans, Indian conveyed to Persia, v4.p181

Aryan

A united community, v1.p6

Ancient compositions of, preserved traditionally by certain families, v1.p78

Civilization, extension of, v1.p36

Conquerors, internal strife among, v1.p37

Derivation of, v1.p8

Development of, in Ancient India, v1.pp2–3

Domestic Economy of, v1.p7

Expansion of, v1.p30, v1.p82, v1.pp128–130

Home of, passage concerning, v1.p201

Nation, formed of Brahmans, Kshatriyas, and Vaisyas, v1.p137

Nomadic life led by, v1.p8

People principally Vaisyas almost to the Mohammedan conquest, v1.p187

Settlements in the Panjab, v1.p4

World, boundaries of, in `1`0`0`0` B.C., v1.p126, v1.p128

Aryavarta, v2.p251

Asad-ad-din

Beheaded by Kutb-ad-din Mubarak Shah, v3.p125

Vengeance taken on family of, v3.p125

Asaf Jab, the first Nizam, death of, v8.p115

Asaf Jah, founder of the Nizam dynasty of Haidarabad, v4.p178, v4.p179, v4.p184

Asaf Khan, brother of the empress Nur-Jahan, v4.p81

Favoured by Shah Jahan, v4.p83

Joins Shah Jahan, v4.pp86–87, v4.p89

Death of, v4.p100

Campaigns of, v4.p107

Asaf Khan, Nawab, an amir under Akbar, v4.p210

Asaf Khan, prime minister of Shah Jahan, had palace decorated with Christian paintings, v4.pp133–134

Asandhimitra, legendary queen of Asoka, v2.p175

Ascalon, ancient trade-route through, v6.p2

Ascetics, Hindu yogis and Mohammedan fakirs, v4.p85, v4.p44

Ascetics, Hindu, v1.p235, v1.p236

Rules for, v1.pp241–242

Ascetics, Hindu, description of, v9.pp137–139

Ashtaka, rites performed in the month of Agrahayana, v1.pp251–252

Asi, fort of, Mahmud of Ghazni proceeds against, v5.p71

Asia Minor

Phoenician trade to, v6.p3

Trade-routes to, v6.pp14–15

Turks in, v6.p37

Asia

Competition for the trade of the south-eastern countries of, v8.p1

Political situation in, at the present time, v8.p450

Powerless to resist European expansion, v8.p496

Spread of Buddhism throughout, v1.p322

Asightigin, chamberlain of Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p55

Asir, Asirgarh, a fortress in Khandesh

Captured by Akbar, v4.p49, v4.pp193–214

Description of its strength, v4.pp201–206

Siege and fall of, v4.pp207–214

Asjudi, Persian poet, at court of Mahmud of Ghazni, v3.p32

Askari, son of Babar, v3.p218

Brother of Humayun, v3.p226

Viceroy of Gujarat, v3.p231

Asoka pillars, one of the, set up at Firozabad on the Jumna by Firoz Shah, v3.p151

Asoka

Abolished royal hunt, v2.p112, v2.p156

Appointed Censors, zzzz v2.p160

Beginnings of art and architecture in reign of, v2.p126

Buddhist council convoked by, v2.p139

Buildings of, v2.pp143–145

Character of, v2.p171

Contemporary with Antiochos Theos, v2.p20

Dates of accession and death of, v2.p133, v2.p139, v2.p398

Death of, v2.p139

Despatched foreign missions, v2.p166

Disruption of empire of, v2.p188

Enforced sanctity of animal life, v2.p153

Ethics of, v2.p153

Father of Mahinda, v1.p320

Full name Asoka-vardhana, v2.p130

Hindu king, v1.p3

Inscriptions of, v2.p139, v2.pp145–150

Kanishka legends resembling those of, v2.p235

Legend of, v2.p151

Made Buddhism a world-religion, v2.p170

Ordained as monk, v2.p137

Provided for travellers and sick, v2.p163, v2.p305

Provincials, Edict of, v2.p118

Sent his brother Mahendra to Southern India and Ceylon, v2.p167

Sons and successors of, v2.p175

The “king’s men” of, v2.p119

Toleration of, v2.p167

Viceroy of Taxila and Ujjain, v2.pp130–132

Went on pilgrimage, v2.p135

Aspandi, Timur encamps at, v5.p194

Aspasiaias, tribe, v2.p45

Assakanos, king of Masoga, v9.p7, v9.p18

Assakenoi nation, v2.p47

Assam, a province of Northeast India, v4.p142

Assam, kingdom of, v8.pp387–388

Assaye, battle of, v8.p327

Astakenoi, a tribe of India, v9.p18

Astes = Hasti, v2.p43

Astola (Astalu), enchanted isle, v2.p96

Astrolabe, Prince Henry’s, v6.p54

Astrologers, control of, v2.p123

Astronomical terms, divergent in Sanskrit and Chinese for the same objects, v9.p126

Astronomy, science of, v1.p193

In the Rig-Veda, v1.pp156–167

In the Brahmanic period, v1.p156, v1.p167

Asvamedha = horse-sacrifice, q. v.

Asvamedha, horse-sacrifice, v1.p163

Celebrated by Yudhisthira, v1.p110

Celebrated by Rama, v1.p124

Asvapati, a monarch, v1.p163

Asvayugi, rite performed in the month of Asvayuga, v1.p251

Rites described by Sankhayana, v1.p251

Asvins, v1.p20

Known as great physicians, v1.p74

Atala Masjid built by Ibrahim in 1408, v3.p178

Mosque at Jaunpur, description of, v2.pp178–179

Athaide, Luis de, Portuguese viceroy, v7.p36

Atharva-Veda

Brahmanas of, v1.p93

Character of, v1.p91

Compilation of, v1.p85, v1.p86

Division of, v1.p91

Late in gaining canonicity, v1.pp90–91

Studied by the Brahmans, v9.p137

Athens, ancient sea-commerce of, v6.p10

Atlantic Ocean, ancient and medieval navigation of, v6.pp48–50

Atomic theory in Hindu philosophy, v1.p264, v1.p265

Attila, Hun king, v2.p285

Attock (Atak), town, v2.p54

Attok, a city in the Panjab, v3.p165

Attok, a river of Northern India, v4.p232

Attok, fort of, Jahangir encamps near, v5.p113

Auckland, Lord, Governor-General of India, v8.p392

Augsburg, mediaeval trade emporium, v6.p34, v6.p217

Decline of, v6.p35

Augustine, St., on the expansion of empires, v8.p495

Augustines, convent of the, at Goa, v6.p135

Augustus Caesar

Hindu embassy to, v9.pp66–67

Receives embassies from either Pandion or Poros, v9.p3

Augustus, Indian embassies to, v2.p367

Aurangabad, a city in Berar, v4.p155, v4.p218

Aurangzib, Moghul Emperor of Delhi, v3.p143

Ability of, v4.p109

Abolishes custom of the monarch appearing at a window at stated times, v5.p344

Accession of, v8.p30

Administrative system of, v4.pp138–142

Alms distributed by, v5.p332, v5.p335, v5.p336

Ascends the throne, v4.p120, v4.p125

Ascetic habits of, v4.p108

Besieges Bijapur and Golkonda, v4.pp158–163

Birth and early career of, v4.pp107–109

Bravery of, in battle, v4.p114, v4.p125

Cares little for display, v4.p138

Civil war breaks out on the death of, v8.pp75–76

Compared with Louis XIV, v8.pp52–53

Death of, in 1707, v4.p172, v4.p219, v5.p347, v8.p75

Deccan wars of, v3.p193

Description of the personality and character of, v4.p126, v4.pp129–130, v1.pp168–172

Description of tomb of, v5.pp347–348

Devotion of, to Islam, v4.p121, v4.p218

Excludes Hindu writers from holding public office, v5.p335

Fanaticism of, against unbelievers, v4.p145

Final illness of, v5.pp345–346

First campaigns of, v4.pp108–109

Governs as viceroy in the Deccan, v4.p106, v4.p107, v4.p111, v4.p161

Has mosques repaired at expense of state, v5.p336

Holds court three times a day to redress wrongs, v5.p334

Idea of, regarding sovereignty, v4.pp126–127

Joins forces with Murad Bakhsh, v4.p112

Justice of, v5.p334

Last years of, v4.pp167–172

Laws promulgated by, v5.p343

Levee of, described, v4.pp135–136

Liberality of, v5.p337

Mosque of, at Benares, v4.p146

Observes the Moghul custom of being weighed, v4.pp136–137

Opposed by Sivaji, v4.pp153–156

Opposed by the Rajputs, v4.p161

Orders the compilation of a digest of Mohammedan canon law, v5.pp337–338

Partakes of no animal food, v4.p122

Picture of, v4.p127

Piety of, v5.pp332–333

Prohibits music and dancing, v5.pp343–344

Puritanical character of, v4.pp121–144

Reigns for fifty years, v5.p331

Revives the jizya (poll-tax), v4.p16, v4.pp147–148

Ruin of the kingdom of, v4.pp145–172

Seizes the throne of the Moghul Empire, v7.p287

Summary of the reign of, v4.pp173–174, v4.p177, v4.p188

Takes as his title Alamgir, “World-compeller”, v4.p121

Teaches the faith to infidels, v5.p335

The last great Moghul emperor, v4.p1, v4.p16

Wages war on the Marathas, v4.pp165–107, v4.p183

Wars of, in Southern India, v8.pp48–49

Wives of, v4.p138

Austria and France, alliance of, v8.p136

Autos da fé in India, v7.p42

Avanti = Malwa, q. v.

Avantivarman, King of Kashmir, v2.p328

Avesta

Age of the, v9.pp328–329

Possible allusions to Aryan customs in, v1.p24

Avicenna, an Arab philosopher, v3.p31

Aviz, house of, see Portugal

Aybek, Kutb-ad-din, first slave king of Delhi, v3.p63

Taken prisoner at Khwarizm, but recaptured, v3.p70

A slave formerly owned and educated by the chief kadi of Naishapur, v3.p70

Brought as a slave from Turkistan to Khorasan and purchased by Mohammad Ghori, v3.p70

Master of horse under Mohammad Ghori, v3.p70

Successor of Prithivi Raja of Ajmir, v3.p70

Ayodhya, capital of the Kosalas, v1.p119

Social life in, in the Brahmanic period, v1.p149

Ayub Khan unsuccessfully attempts to become Amir of Afghanistan, v8.p443

Ayur-Veda, a Sanskrit medical work, studied by the Brahmans, v9.p137

Azadpur, name given Ikdala, a city of Bengal, by Firoz Shah, v3.p151

Azam Khan, an amir under Akbar, v4.p210

Azam, prince, a son of Aurangzib, v4.p107, v4.p138, v4.p149, v4.p169, v4.p171, v4.p174

Azes I and II, Indo-Parthian kings, v2.p207, v2.p217

Azevedo, Jeronimo de, Portuguese commander of fleet sent against the English in 1615, v7.p47

Azilises, Indo-Parthian king, v2.p207

Azores reached by Portuguese ships (14th century), v6.p50

Taken as a starting-point for the Papal demarcation line (1493), v6.p63

Sir Francis Drake captures a Spanish vessel off the, v6.p206

Azurara quoted, v6.p54, v6.pp59–60

This collection transcribed by Chris Gage
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