–B–

Baba Hasan Abdal, Jahangir encamps at, v5.p310

Bab-al-Mandab, straits of, v6.p20

Babar, Moghul Emperor of Hindustan, v3.p64, v4.p3, v4.p18, v4.p102, v4.p165, v4.p175, v4.p176, v4.p178

Address of, to soldiers at Sikri, v2.pp213–214

Advances into Bahrah, thence re-turning to Kabul, v5.p262

Advances to meet Rana Sanga, v3.p211

Ambition of, to reign at Samarkand, v3.p203

An accomplished poet, v3.p200

And the Bengalis, description of battle between, v3.p219

Army of, almost destitute for food, v3.p209

Army of, defeats Daulat Khan, v3.p205

Army of, takes oath to be faithful auto death, v3.p214

Attack of, on Bajaur, in 1519, v3.p204

Attempts a night surprise on Sultan Ibrahim’s army and is routed, v3.p206

Battle of, with the Rajputs, at Kanwaha, v3.p215

Begins conquest of Hindustan iu 1524, v3.p204

Bravery of, wins over many of his enemies, v3.p211

Camps at Sikri, v3.p212

Chains wagons to protect his camp, v3.p191

Character of, v2.pp200–201

Claim of, to the Panjab, v3.p204

Completely routs army of Sultan Ibrahim on April 21, 1526, v2.pp207–208

Content with fame, v3.p209

Death of, in 1530, v2.pp222–223, v3.p199, v5.p223, v5.p262

Decides upon an invasion of Hindustan, v5.p235

Defeats Sultan Ibrahim, v5.p258

Defeats the Bengalis, v3.p219

Describes Hindustan, v3.p221

Desire of army of, to return to Kabul, v3.p210

Details of position of army of, in battle against Ibrahim, v5.pp255–258

Divides booty of Delhi and Agra, v3.p208

Draws a revenue of £2,600,000, v3.p221

Earlier career of, v3.p201

Early life of, v3.p199

Encamps at the mouth of the valley in which Milwat lies, v5.p244

Establishes “Sultan” Ala-ad-din in Dipalpur, v3.p205

Excellence of style of the memoirs of, v5.p223

Experience of, with the fighting qualities of various nations, v3.p212

Fights battle with Sultan Ibrahim, v2.pp205–208

Final retreat of, to Kabul, v3.p203

Founds the Moghul Empire, v8.p46, v8.p161

Hears of Afghans’ plans of restoration while at Dhelpur, v3.p217

Hunts rhinoceroses, v5.p224

Indian conquests of, open way for an imperial line, v3.p199

Invades the northern plains five times, v3.p199

Invasion of India by, v3.p182

Is offered submission by several Afghan leaders at Baxar, v3.p218

Is reinforced by men from Jaunpur, v3.p218

King of Farghana at age of eleven, v3.p203

Lack of organization in government of, v2.pp219–220

Leads his army against Afghans under Mahmud Lodi, v3.p217

Limitations of sovereignty of, v2.pp225–226

Line of emperors descended from, extinct, v3.p201

Literary accomplishments of, v3.p200

Marches against Hati Gakkar, at Parhalah, v5.pp231–232

Marches against Sultan Ibrahim, v5.p247

Memoirs of, v3.p198, v3.p199, v3.p200, v8.pp160–161

New emperor of Delhi in 1526, v3.p208, v3.p209

Occupies Bhira, v3.p204

Only nominally master at Delhi on account of many uprisings, v3.p209

Order of march of army of, v2.pp214–215

Orders his army to lay siege to the fort of Milwat, v5.p244

Osmanli order of battle followed by, v3.p205

Outpost of, defeated by Rajputs, v3.p213

Personality of, v2.pp198–199

Physical prowess of, v3.p222

Position of, before the battle at Panipat, v3.p206

Prayer said in name of, in mosque at Delhi, on April 27, 1526, v3.p208

Preparations of, at Dholpur for campaign in Sind, v3.p217

Preparations of, at Sikri, v3.p213

Preparations of, far attack on the Bengalis, v2.pp218–219

Preparations of, for battle on plain of Panipat, v2.pp205–206

Presses on to Baxar, v3.p218

Receives intelligence that Sultan Ibrahim is advancing to meet him, v5.p250

Reduces Northern India to submission in three battles, v3.p219

Renounces wine, v3.p213

Resolve of, to stay at Delhi, in spite of obstacles, v3.p210

Resolves to force the passage of the Gogra, v3.p218

Returns a famous diamond (Koh-i-nur ?) to Humayun, v3.p209

Returns to Agra, v3.p217

Returns to Agra, v3.p217

Returns to Kabul from Dipalpur for reinforcements, v3.p205

Sends a detachment to take Ghazi Klan a prisoner, v5.p246, v5.p247

Sends detachment after Ghazi Khan, v5.pp243–244

Sends detachments to occupy Delhi and Agra, v3.p208

Sends the Mongol Hankers to attack

Speech of, to his discontented army, v3.p210

Storms fortress of Chanderi, v3.p216

Sultan Ibrahim, v3.p207

Tactics of, at Sikri, v3.p213

Takes Sambhal, v3.p211

Takes up quarters at palace of Jalal Khan Jaghat, v5.p260

The first of the “Great Moguls”, v3.p208

Third failure of, at Samarkand, v2.pp203–204

Tomb of, at Kabul, v3.p223

Troops of, panic-stricken at reports of number of the Rajputs, v3.p213

Turkish the native language of, v4.p62

Twice rules on Timur’s throne and is twice expelled, v3.p203

Unsettled condition of the kingdom of, v2.pp219–220

Victorious at Lahore, v3.p205

Victorious over the Afghans on the Ganges, v3.p217

Victorious over the Rajputs, v3.p215

Victory of, at Panipat, v8.p161

Babylon, ancient trade of, v6.p3, v6.p9, v6.p28

Bacchus appears in the mythological machinery of the “Lusiad”, v6.p71

Bacon, Roger, referred to, v6.p36

Brunetto Latini visits, v6.p53

“Opus Majus” of, quoted, v6.p58

Bactria, Alexander’s conquest of, v2.p42

Premier satrapy, v2.p198

Badakhshan, a city in Turkistan, v3.p205

Province of India, v3.p224

Badakhshan, a province of Turkistan, v4.p48, v4.p108

Badarayana Vyasa, founder of the Vedanta philosophy, v1.p270

Outline of Brahma Sutra of, v1.pp270–271

Badaun under sway of Shams-ad-din Altamish, v5.p97

Badaun, city of Northern India

Mohammad Ghori victorious at, v3.p59

Revolts at, v3.p171

Badauni Abd-al-Kadir, historian of Akbar’s reign

An Orthodox Mohammedan, v4.p46

Comments on military system, v4.p82

Mentions a translation of the Gospels of Christ, v4.p41

Not in sympathy with Akbar’s religious latitudinarian views, v4.p36

Opposed in spirit to some of Akbar’s reforms, v4.pp30–31, v4.p33

Selections from work of, v4.p30, v5.pp277–293

Badr-ad-din Sankar Rumi, lord chamberlain succeeding Ikhtiyar-ad-din Itigin, v5.p108, v5.p113

Baghdad, capital of the Abbasid dynasty, v3.p16

Baghdad

Greek embassy to (917 A.D.), v6.pp11–12

Devastated by the Mongols (1258), v6.p13

Ancient trade of, with India, v6.p15

Bah (Biyah), see Bias.

Bahadur Baz, an Afghan governor, v4.p8, v4.p201

Bahadur Kambu, servant of Shah Jahan, joins Allah Yar Khan at Haldipur in expedition against the Christians at Hugli, v6.p280

Bahadur Khan, commander under Aurangzib, v4.p113

Bahadur Khan, son of Raja Ali of Khandesh, v4.p194, v4.pp195–214

Bahadur Shah of Gujarat

Army of, disperses on learning of his desertion, v3.p230

Army of, in a fortified camp, v3.p230

Camp of, suffers from famine, v3.p230

Engages the Rajputs, v3.p228

Finds refuge in the island of Diu, v3.p230

Five followers desert army, v3.p230

Killed in battle with the Portuguese, v3.p186

King of Gujarat and Malwa, v3.p228

One of the most valiant kings of Gujarat, v3.p186

Pursued by Humayun to Mandu, v3.p230

Pursued to Ahmadabad by Humayun, v3.p230

Pursued to Cambay by Humayun, v3.p230

Pursued to Champanir by Humayun, v3.p230

Raids of, against Agra and Kalinjar easily repulsed by Humayun, v3.p229

Retakes Gujarat, v3.p231

Storms Chitor, v3.p229

Takes possession of Malwa in 1531, v3.p182, v3.p185

Bahadur Shah, brother of Nasir-ad-din, styles himself king of Eastern Bengal, v3.p129

Bahadur Shah, Moghul emperor, son of Aurangzib, v4.p176

Courage of, v4.p177

Death of, v4.p177

See also Mu’azzam

Bahar Deo, the greatest of the rajas of Hindustan, v5.p119, v5.p122

Is defeated by Ulugh Khan, v5.p122

Baharimad attacked, and its suburbs burned, by Habid ibn Marra, v5.p17

Bahlol Lodi, accession of, to throne of Delhi in 1451, v3.p172

Bahmanid dynasty (1347–1525 A.D.), v6.p75, v6.p82

Bahmanid dynasty

Boundaries of territories of, v2.pp186–187

Cruelty of, v2.pp188–189

Decline of, v2.pp191–193

Founded by Hasan Gangu in the Deccan, v3.p186

Of the Deccan, history of, v2.pp186–192

Repeatedly conquers Vijayanagar, v3.p191

Too powerful for kingdom of Vijayanagar, v3.p186

Bahmanid empire, v4.p106

Bahrah

Babar breaks camp at, v5.p229

Babar marches to attack, v5.pp224–227

In the possession of the family of Timm’ Beg since his invasion of Hindustan, v5.p227

People of, pay ransom to Babar, v5.p228

Representatives of inhabitants of, tender submission to Babar, v5.p227

Bahraich, city in Oudh, Firoz Shah makes a pilgrimage to, v3.p157

Salar Mas’ud’s grave at, v3.p167, v3.p177

Bahrain, an island in the Persian gulf, v5.p2

Bahram Shah, son of Khusru Malik, imprisoned at Saifrud and put to death, v5.p82

Bahram, king of Ghazni, v3.p48

Brief reign of, v3.p79

Death of, v3.p79

Driven into India in 1148, v3.p52

Bahzad, a Persian painter at Akbar’s court, v4.p38

Baihaki, Al-, an Arab historian, v3.p31

Chronicler of Mas’ud’s court, v3.p38

Bairam, regent in Akbar’s youth, v4.p3, v4.p4, v4.p5, v4.p6

Removed from office, v4.p7

Bairampur, camp of Aurangzib at Fathpur, v4.p165

Bajaur, Babar’s army remains three or four months in, v5.p224

Taken by Babar, v5.p261

Bajaur, city of Kafiristan, attacked by Babar, v3.p204

Bajaur, valley, v2.p45

Baji Rao, a Maratha leader and peshwa, v4.p179, v4.p221, v4.p222, v4.p224

Bakhtiyar, a slave of Mohammad Ghori, v3.p70

Bakialan, Babar encamps at, v5.p236

Baktriane (modern Bokhara), revolt of, from the Syrian kings, v9.p2

Bala, king of ash-Sharki, killed by Musa ibn Yahya ibn Khalid, v5.p22

Baladeva, brother of Narayana, directions for constructing an idol of, v9.p179

Baladhuri, Al-, Arab historian, v3.p6

Baladitya, king, v2.p283, v2.p288

Balaghat, severe drought in, v5.p321

Balaji Bala Rao, prime minister of the Maratha king, v8.p174

Balaji, a Maratha leader and peshwa, son of Baji Rao, v4.p179, v4.p220, v4.p221, v4.p224

Balamgarh, a fortified place near Delhi, v4.p228, v4.p249

Balasor

Cartwright founds a factory at, v7.p240

English vessel Swan sent to Cartwright at, v7.p240

Made port of trans-shipment by the English, v7.p242

Balban, a Turkish slave of Shams-ad-din Altamish, v3.p80

A stern king, v2.pp84–86

Activity of, at siege of Uchh, v3.p82

Attacks Tughril’s camp, v2.pp89–90

Banished from court in 1253, v3.p82

Chief figure of slave dynasty, v3.p129

Chief huntsman under Raziyat-ad-din and Balban, v3.p81

Ever alert to repel a possible Mongol invasion, v3.p86

Expedition of, into Bengal, v2.pp86–87

Governor of Hansi, v3.p81

Leader of third campaign against Tughril, v2.pp88–90

Organizes frontier provinces and tribes under Sher Khan, v3.p83

Petty wars of the reign of, v3.p84

Puts to death all followers of Tughril, v3.p90

Restored to all his honours in 1254, v3.p83

Served the sultan Nasir-ad-din for twenty years, v3.p83

Succeeds Nasir-ad-din, v3.p84

Suppresses revolts among Turkish chiefs for twenty years, v3.p84

Victorious campaigns of, against “infidels”, v3.p82

Balban, Sultan, see Ulugh Khan.

Bali, son of Virocana, directions for constructing an idol of, v9.p178

Balka Malik Khalji captured by Shams-ad-din Altamish, v5.p100

Balkh = Zariaspa, v2.p198

Secondary Hun capital, v2.p286

Balkh

Blockaded by the Uzbegs, v5.p238

Governed by Ya’kub ibn Lais, v5.p26

Balkh, province and city of Afghanistan, v4.p108

Aurangzib’s campaign at, v4.p126

Balsundar, name of an elephant, v4.p12

Baluchistan made a British protectorate, v8.p436, v8.p480

Bamiar, a town in Afghanistan, early home of Mohammad Ghori, v5.p78

Bamyin, Hun headquarters, v2.p286

Ban Khan Aybek Khitai goes to Nasir-ad-din’s camp to complete terms of peace, v5.p125

Bana, author, v2.p18, v2.p294, v2.p304

Banda (Lantor)

Albuquerque decides to drive the Turks from the castle of, v9.p231

Dutch allow the English one-third of the trade of, v7.p93

English acquisition of, and expulsion from, v7.p113

English treaty with island of, in 1614, v7.p84

Position of, v7.p96

Surrenders to Antonio de Noronha, v9.p232

Bandelkhand, v4.p107, v4.p179

Insurrection in, in 1294, v3.p101

Bandri, Ala-ad-din’s army arrives at, v5.p147

Bankipur, fortress of Vijayanagar

Attacked by Bahmanid Sultan Mujahid, v3.p189

Taken by the Bahmanid Sultan Firoz, v3.p191

Bankipur, on site of Pataliputra, v2.p110, v2.p144

Banna (Bannu), a district of India, v5.p4

Bantam, v4.p57, v4.p64

Blockade of, v7.p106, v7.p110, v7.p111

Blockaded by the Dutch, v8.p30

Company’s trade at, suspended during Anglo-Dutch war, v7.p260

Declared commercially subordinate to Surat, v7.p206

Dutch attacked by Michelborne at, v7.p8, v7.p9

Early compacts of separate expeditions with the raja of, v7.p70

Early English trade with, v6.p257

English alliance with, against Dutch, v7.p110

English desire to remove from Batavia to, v7.p110

English factory transferred to, v7.p153

Factories in, turned over to the Joint Stock, v7.p287

Gradually becomes a dependency of Holland, v7.p70

In the possession of the English, v8.p35

Key to Dutch control of pepper trade, v8.p65

Portuguese attack on, v6.p141

Raja of, rejoices in union with England, v7.p77

Subsequent experiences of English at, v7.pp153–154

Banyan hospital, v2.p164

Banyan-tree, description of the growth of a, v9.pp11–12

Bar = waterless uplands, v2.p83

Barabar caves, v2.p145, et seq.

Baran, inhabitants of fort of, accept Islam, v5.pp65–66

Barani, Arab historian, v3.p84

Discusses questions of government with Mohammad Taghlak, v2.pp132–133

Barani, Arab historian, selection from works of, v5.pp154–162

Barauz, Arabic form of Broach, town and district of Bombay, v5.p2

Barbarians, revenge of, v1.p36

Barbary corsairs as a political factor in the struggle for the Mediterranean, v6.pp31–32, v6.p221

Barbosa, Duarte, letters of, quoted, v6.pp108–109, v6.p142, v6.p152

Barents, William, Arctic expeditions of (1594–96), v6.p198

Bargeurrea, sub-caste of the Sudras, v9.p245

Barha Sayyids, two brothers, v4.p178, v4.p220

Barid Shahs, dynasty of Bidar, v3.p192

Barin Lanka, a building in the middle of Lake Ulur (Wulur), built by Zain-al-Abidin, description of, v5.p306

Barker, Sir Robert, v8.p241

Barlow, Sir George, succeeds Cornwallis as Governor-General, v8.p345

Reactionary policy of, v8.p346

Barneveldt, project of, for a United Dutch-English Company, v7.p82

Offers three alternatives to the English, v7.pp82–83

Baroda, a Hindu state, v4.p14

Barrier-treaty of August, 1765, v8.pp201–202

Barros, Joiio de, Portuguese historian, quoted, v6.pp53–54, v6.p116

Basava, founded Lingayat sect, v2.p359

Bashar ibn Daud appointed to the frontier of Sind, but rebels, v5.p21

Basmad, people of, make peace with Mohammad ibn Kasim, v5.p11

Basra plundered by Karmathians, v5.p25

Bassein

Occupied by the English, v8.p245

Protection of mosques of, guaranteed by the Portuguese, v6.p128

Taken by the Portuguese (1534), v6.p132

Treaty of, v8.p321, v8.p323, v8.p329

Bassorah, Indian trade at, v6.pp11–12

Batalha, v6.p42, v6.p47

Batavia, Java

Capital of the Dutch East Indies, v7.p65

Dutch fortifications at, v7.p110

English attack on the Dutch at, v7.p110

English hardships at, v7.pp111–113

English in despair desire to withdraw from, v7.p111, v7.p113

English position at, after Amboyna tragedy, v7.pp151–154

English withdraw from, to Lagundy, but are forced to return, v7.p152

Headquarters of the Dutch in the East, v8.p65

Baths, public, at Agra, v4.p97

Baticala, v6.p88

Battle of the Ten Kings, v1.p37, v1.p38

Battle, Osmanli order of, followed by Babar in 1526, v2.pp205–206

Battle-axe, a Pandya cognizance, v2.p366

Batuta, Ibn, of Tangiers (1304–77), quoted, v6.p18, v6.p30

Baudhayana, one of the earliest of the Sutrakaras, v1.p200

Baxar (Baksar, Buxar), battle at, v4.p188

Baxar, city in Bengal, v3.p218

Defeat of the Oudh vizir at, v8.p188

Several Afghan leaders offer submission to Babar at, v3.p218

Baz Bahadur, an Afghan, v4.p8

Bazira, town in the hills, v2.p49, v2.p50

Be-badal Khan, superintendent of the goldsmith’s department of Shah Jahan, v5.p325

Begam, v4.p105, v4.p118

Begs of Babar’s army receive six to ten lacs as their portion of booty at Delhi and Agra, v3.p208

Behaim, Martin, improves the astrolabe, v6.p69

Behat (Hydaspes), river, v4.p84

Behat river, to the east of Bahrah

Babar halts at, v5.p227

Course of, v5.pp305–306

Jahangir encamps on banks of, v5.p304

Belem (or Restello), chapel at, v6.p73

Belgaon, city of Bombay, taken by Bahmanid Sultan Mohammad II, v3.p191

Benares (Baranasi)

Sanctity of, v9.p198

Legend of cause of holiness of, v9.p198

Benares = Kasi, v2.p25

Benares, a city on the Ganges, v1.p126, v4.p6, v4.p111

Acquired by the English, v8.p266

Becomes part of the empire of Ghor, v3.p68

Captured by Kutb-ad-din Aybek in 1194, v3.p70

Escape of Sher Khan from, v3.p218

Insurrection of, v8.pp254–255

Mosque at, v4.p145, v4.p146

Under sway of Shams-ad-din Altamish, v5.p97

Benches, Hindu, description of, v9.pp131–132

Bengal, a district

Abundance of cotton raised in, v9.p286

Abundance of fruit and sugar cane in, v9.p286

Army protects Mahmud Lodi, v3.p218

Bamboo and rattan, uses of, in, v9.pp287–289

Bay of, factories in dependencies on the, turned over to the Joint Stock Company, v7.p287

Believed to have been invaded by Pandavas, v1.p106

Climate of, v9.p284

Coinage in, v4.p111

Commerce and position of, v8.pp178–180

Conquered by Akbar, v4.p3, v4.p26, v4.p48

Different conditions prevailing in, from those encountered by English in colonization of other parts of India, v7.pp233–234

Disputes between the English Company and the Nawab of, v8.pp182–183, v8.p184

Domestic animals of, v9.p285

Dress of the inhabitants of, v9.p291

Dynasties of, v2.pp343–348

East India Company sends commission to re-establish trade in, v7.pp246–247

Emperor of Delhi declares war against, v9.p283

English masters of, in 1758, v8.p141, v8.p176

Famine in, v8.p223

Fertility of, v9.p284

First campaign of Firoz Shah against, in 1363, v3.p147

Fitch’s journey through, v6.p212

Government of, v4.p84, v4.p111, v4.p143

Handicrafts of, v9.pp286–287

Harbours of, v8.p177

Hinduized, v1.p203

History of, in Mohammedan period, v2.pp173–175

Included in Harsha’s dominions, v2.p300

Independence of governors of, v3.p173

Internal strife in, v3.p173

Islands of Lower, v4.p143

King of, and Sikandar, treaty of alliance between, v3.p196

Kingdom of, independent of Delhi, v3.p218

Large rice crops of, exported, v9.p284

Large slave-trade of, v9.p290

Lost to Mohammad Taghlak’s kingdom, v3.p144

Low price of slaves in, v6.p141

Madras Council resolves to withdraw factories from, v7.p287

Manners and customs of the people of, v9.pp290–291

Menaced by Arakan, v4.p142

Native government of, in the beginning of the eighteenth century, v8.pp163–164

Naval engagements in the Bay of, v8.p257

One of the five important seats of the East India Company’s trade, v7.p247

Period of misrule in, v8.p183

Piracy of Portuguese on Bay of, v6.p165

Portuguese trade with, v6.pp156–157

Pottery of, v9.p287

Preparations of the king of, to meet the Emperor of Delhi in war, v9.p284

Presidency of India, v3.p71

Rebellion among tribes in, v2.pp86–87

Revenue in, v8.p186, v8.p221

Rival kings rule Eastern and Western, v3.p173

Ruled by various nationalities from 1202 to 1570, v2.pp174–175

Samudragupta’s campaign in, v2.p261

Scented oils exported from, v9.p286

Second campaign of Firoz Shah against, in 1369–60, v3.p147

Silk raised abundantly in, v9.p286

Size of, v9.p283

Story of English settlement in, v7.p234

Taxed by the Marathas, v4.p182

Troops, massing of, v3.p218

Two descendants of Cromwell became governors of, v7.p291

Under Afghan rule, v4.p2

Under Aurangzib’s rule, v4.p149, v4.p166

Value of the imports from, during the twenty years after the Restoration, v8.p41

Variety of religions in, v9.p291

Wild animals of, v9.p289

Bengal, Gulf of

Perilous navigation in the, v9.p284

Portuguese in, v6.p113, v6.p165

Bengalis

Preparations of Babar for attack on, v2.pp218–219

And Babar, description of battle between, v3.p219

Defeated by Babar, v3.p219

Bentinck, Lord William, Governor-General of India, v8.p392

Makes English the official language of India, v8.pp392–394

Abolishes suttee, v8.pp394–395

Foreign policy of, v8.p395

Berar, a province of Central India

Tributary to Akbar, v4.p48

Rebels from Akbar, v4.p49

Under rule of Daniyal, v4.p214

Berar, capital of Imad Shah dynasty, v3.p192

Imad-al-mulk crowned king of, v3.p192

Berber tribes hold Africa until close of seventh century, v3.p4

Berenice, trade emporium founded by Ptolemy Philadelphus, v6.p22, v6.p23, v6.p24

Bergas, sub-caste of the Sudras, v9.p245

Berga-willala, sub-caste of the Sudras, v9.p245

Bernier, a French physician at the Moghul court, v4.p23, v4.p52, v4.p56, v4.p89, v4.pp102–103, v4.p120

Describes a levee of Aurangzib, v4.pp135–136

Quotations from, regarding Aurangzib, v4.p126, v4.p139, v4.p140, v4.p142

Quotations from, regarding the military and official classes in India, v8.pp47–48

Writes of the strength of India, v8.p162

Best

Defeats Portuguese off Swally, v7.pp25–27

Aids Moghul troops in besieging a pirate fort, v7.p28

Anchors at Moha Bay, v7.p28

And governor of Surat, terms of treaty between, v7.pp29–30

Defeats the Portuguese off Swally in two further encounters, v7.p28

Establishes four factories at Surat and around the Gulf of Cambay, v7.p29

Fatalities of, in battle off Swally, v7.pp28–29

Reopens communication with English factors at Surat, v7.p28

Routs Portuguese squadron commanding approach to Surat, v7.p195

Betel, mention of the chewing of, v9.pp214–215, v9.pp223–224

Beverages, Hindu, v9.p152

Bhabra edict, v2.p147, v2.p150

Bhaddiya, convert to Buddhism, v1.p293

Bhagavadgita, extracts from the, v9.pp157–158, v9.pp163–166, v9.pp187–188

Bhagavatas, priests of Vishnu, v9.p185

Bhagavati, the wife of Siva, directions for constructing an idol of, v9.p179

One of the “Seven Mothers” group of idols, v9.p181

Bhagiratha, King, legend of, v9.pp193–194

Bhagu, convert to Buddhism, v1.p293

Bhagvan Das, a raja, allied with Akbar, v4.pp13–15, v4.p23

Bhakkar, city in the Panjab, v3.p148

Bhandi, cousin of Harsha, v2.p299

Bhanugupta, raja, v2.p283

Bhao (Bhaoji) Sadasheo, cousin of Balaji Rao, v4.p187, v4.p230, v4.p240

Death of, v4.p264

Dislikes Raghunath Rao, v4.p241

History of, v4.pp241–254

Pretenders to the name of, v4.pp254–261

Bharadvaja, a hermitage, v1.p120

Bharata, son of Duhshanta, v1.p132

Son of Kaikeyi, v1.p119

Bharatas, known also as Kurus, a tribe, v1.p98

Bhartpur

Unsuccessful siege of, v8.p330

Taken by assault, v8.p391

Bhaskara-varman = Kumara Raja, q. v., v2.p318

Bhatarka, founded Valabhi dynasty, v2.p284

Bhatia, a city of Bombay, invaded by Mainland of Ghazni, v5.pp47–48

Bhatnir, Rajput fortress, stormed and taken by Timur, v3.p166

Bhilsa captured by Shams-ad-din AI-tarnish, v5.p101

Bhilsa, a town in Gwalior, Central India, v4.p258

Bhima, King of Gujarat, v2.p336

Bhima, one of the five Pandava princes, v1.p101

Fights with Duryodhana, v1.p102

Kills brother of Queen of Virata, v1.p108

Kills Duhsasana, v1.p109

Bhim-deo, raja of Nahrwala, defeats Mohammedans, v5.p81

Defeated by Kutb-ad-din, v5.p90

Bhimnagar, fort of, surrenders to Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p54

Bhimpal, son of Puru Jaipal

Goes to obtain the daughter of Chand Rai and is imprisoned, v5.p71

Advice of, to Chand Rai concerning Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p72

Bhira, city on Jihlam River

Mahmud’s victory at, v3.p20

Occupied by Babar, v3.p204

Western limit of Babar’s dominions, v3.p220

Bhishma, a renowned warrior, son of Santanu, v1.p100

Killed unfairly by Arjuna, v1.p109

Bhoj Chand, Hindu raja, alliance of Puru Jaipal with, v5.p72

Bhoja, of Dhara, v2.p336, v2.p341

Bhojpur, lake, v2.p342

Bhonsla, a Maratha tribe, v4.p153, v4.p216, v4.p218, v4.p261, v4.p262, v4.p268

Bhotan, war with, v8.p433

Bhujya, shipwreck of, v1.p20

Bhumaka, Kshaharata, v2.p192, v2.p263

Biana, city of Rajputana

Conversation of the kadi of, with Ala-ad-din, v2.pp111–114

Garrison from, joins Babar at Sikri, v3.p218

Independent chiefs in, v3.p173

Rana Sanga advances on, v3.p211

Bias (Biyah), a river in the Panjab, crossed by Malunud of Ghazni, v5.p65

Babar encamps on banks of, v5.p243

Bias, see Hypanis

Bibi Naila, a Rajput princess, mother of Firoz Shah, v3.p160

Bibi Raji, wife of Mahmud, v3.p180

Bibi, daughter of Mubarak Shah, married to crown prince of Jaunpur, v3.p178

Bidar, v4.p110

Bidar, city in the Deccan

Becomes capital of the Bahmanid Sultans, v3.p192

Capital of Barid Shah dynasty, v3.p192

Hindus of Warangal march to, v3.p187

Mohammad Taghlak defeated at, v3.p186

Bihar, district in India, v3.p58, v4.p84

Disregards Babar’s authority, v3.p220

Eastern limit of Babar’s dominions, v3.p221

Granted to Bir Afghan by Firoz Shah, v3.p164

Invaded by Mohammad Bakhtiyar, v3.p71

Portions of, declare allegiance to Mahmud Lodi, v3.p217

Portions of, governed by Bengal, v3.p174

Subdued by Sikandar, v3.p196

Bihar, province = Magadha, v2.p25, v2.p345

Bihari Mal, raja of Amber, v4.p16

Bijapur destroyed by Aurangzib, v8.p44, v8.p54

Bijapur, a town and district, v4.p106, v4.p107, v4.p109, v4.p110

Becomes independent of the Bahmanid Sultans, v3.p192

Capital of Adil Shah dynasty, v3.p192

Fall of, v4.pp158–159, v4.p163

Kingdom of, v4.p163, v4.p164, v4.p158

Marathas in, v4.p153, v4.p167

Mohammedan kingdom of Southern India (1489–1688), v6.pp132–133

Biji Rai, ruler of Bhatia

Comes forth to oppose Mahmud of Ghazni, and is defeated, v5.p48

Death of, v5.p49

Escape of, from Bhatia, v5.p49

Bijjala, Kalachurya king, v2.p359

Bikanir, princess of, married by Akbar, v4.p23

Bikram, raja, v2.p278

Bilhana, author, v2.p18, v2.p358

Billal Deo, raja of Dhur Samundar

Ala-ad-din marches against, v5.p147

Message of peace of, to Ala-ad-din, v5.p148

Submission and enforced conversion of, v5.pp148–149

Bimbisara, King of the Magadhas, v1.p284, v2.p27, v2.p39

Conversion of, to Buddhism, v1.p291

Bindraban Das Bahadur Shahi prepares a history of part of Aurangzib’s reign, v5.pp340–341

Bindusara, king, v2.p109, v2.p127

Bir Afghan, a noble of the court of Firoz Shah, v3.p163

Bir Pandya, elder raja of Ma’bar

Attacks Sundar Pandya, v5.p147

Flees from Malik Kafur, v5.p149, v5.p150

Birbal maligns Islam to Akbar, v5.p281

Birbal, a Hindu favourite of Akbar, v4.p37, v4.p44

Death of, v4.p48

Birds, v1.p17

Biruni, see al-Biruni

Bishanpur plundered by Ulugh Khan, v5.p129

Biyah, a river, see Bias.

Blessings after death, Hindu beliefs regarding, v9.pp276–279

Blochmann, H.

Comments upon Akbar’s religious debates, v4.p39

On Akbar’s administration, v4.p29

Boccaccio, reference to, v6.p51

Bodh Gaya, Asoka’s monastery at, v2.p256

Desolate in Fa-hien’s time, v2.p272

Bodhi tree at Gaya, v2.p136, v2.p308

Bojador, Cape, and Portuguese explorations, v6.p49, v6.p50, v6.p51, v6.p52, v6.p65

Bokhara, district of Central Asia, v3.p18

Anthony Jenkinson reaches (1557), v6.p181

Once northern limit of kingdom of Khwarizm, v3.p76

Subdued by Ali-Tigin, v3.p2

Bombay coast, factories in dependencies on the, turned over to the Joint Stock Company, v7.p286

Bombay

Animal hospital at, v2.p164

Ceded to England in 1661, v8.p31

Description of, by William Francklin, v9.pp327–330

Presidency, most of present territory of, formerly part of Bahmanid dominions, v3.p187

Recovered from Deccan kings by Ahmad I, v3.p182

Strong position of the Portuguese near, v6.p131, v6.p134

The headquarters of the English Company in 1685, v8.p41

Borgian map, v6.p170

Bostra, capital of the Roman province of Arabia, v6.p11

Both, Pieter, first governor-general of the Dutch East Indies, v7.p64, v7.p78

Admiral of the Brabant Company’s expedition in 1599–1601, v7.p78

Arrival of, at Bantam, in 1611, v7.p79

Death of, v7.p79

Lays foundations of new national power in the Eastern Archipelago, v7.p79

Nominated to take charge of Dutch factories, v7.p78

Boughton, a surgeon in the East India Company, made physician to the Emperor of Delhi, v8.p23

Boughton, Gabriel, obtains license for free trade by English in Bengal, v7.p245

Boukephala, city, v2.p67

Bow, Indian, v2.p63

The Chera cognizance, v2.p371

Bozrah (El Buseireh), ancient trade emporium, v6.p5, v6.pp8–9

Braganza, Constantino de, conquered Daman, v7.p36

Brahma, a god, v2.p311

Brahma, evolution of, v1.p76

Directions for the construction of an idol of, v9.p179

His part in creation, v1.p167

Marriage of, v1.p238

Theme of the older Upanishads, v1.p96

True nature of, as taught in the Chhandogya Upanishad, v1.pp174–176

Brahmadatta and Dighavu, parable of, v1.pp313–316

Brahman, caste, v1.p136

Allowed to marry into other castes, in Brahmanic and Epic periods, v1.p164

Arrogance toward other castes, v1.p233

Duties of a, v1.p86, v1.p87

Occupations of, v1.p232, v1.p233

Only, practise austerities in Krita Age, v1.p136

Translation from Megasthenes concerning, v1.pp234–236

Worsted in learning by warrior caste, v1.p114

Brahmana literature, v1.p86

Brahmanabad, city of Sind, Arabs victorious at, v3.p9

Brahmanas, composition of, v1.p85, v1.pp143–144

General character of, v1.p92

Of Atharva-Veda, v1.p93

Of Rig-Veda, v1.pp92–93

Of Sama-Veda, v1.p93

Of Yajur-Veda, v1.p93

Brahmani, one of the “Seven Mothers” group of idols, v9.p181

Brahmanic period

Astronomy a distinct science in, v1.p167

Child marriage unknown in, v1.p154

Ethical ideal in, v1.pp145–146

Food in, v1.pp147–149

Hermit life in, v1.p86, v1.p144

Justice officially administered in, v1.p143

Manufactures in, v1.p160

Metals in, v1.p147

Municipal government in, v1.p143

Plan of towns in, v1.p160

Social life in, v1.pp149–154

Students in, v1.p144

Teachers in, v1.p144

Widow marriage not prohibited in, v1.p164

Brahmanical reaction, v2.p184

Brahmanpal, son of Andpal, attacked and defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p54

Brahmans (Brachmanes, Bramines), the Hindu caste of philosophers, according to Megasthenes, v9.pp48–50

Affect the worship of the “Eight Mothers”, v9.p185

Albuquerque to the, in Malabar, v9.p235

Customs and beliefs of the, v9.pp48–50, v9.pp52–53

Customs and language of the, in Malabar, v9.p235

Forbidden by a special law to burn themselves alive, v9.p190, v9.p239

Simplicity of the life of the, v9.p134

The highest caste in India, v9.p142, v9.pp238–239, v9.pp250–252, v9.pp255–261

Traces of Christianity attributed by

Brahmans in Malabar, v6.p79

Brahmans taxed by Firoz Shah, v3.p167

Brahmans, at Akbar’s court, v4.p36

Of Benares, v4.p145

Of the Konkan, v4.p220

Schools of philosophy of the, v4.p189

Brahmastpuri, temple of, destroyed by Malik Kafur, v5.p151

Brasylle (Island of the Blest), v6.p173

Brazil

Discovery of, by Portuguese under Cabral (1500), v6.p86

English under Fenton at (1582–83), v6.pp189–190

French and Portuguese settlements in, v6.p194

Breda, treaty of, adjusting commercial disputes in Asia, v8.p38

Brihadratha, Maurya king, v2.p177

Brihaspati

Conception of, v1.p74

Lord of hymns, v1.p74

Brihatsamhita of Varahamihira

Extracts from, relating to the construction of idols, v9.pp178–182

Quotations from, regarding ablutions in sacred ponds, v9.pp197–198

Bristol, John Cabot’s crew from, v6.p68, v6.p175

Charters granted to adventurers of, v6.p172, v6.p175

Exploring expeditions from, v6.p173, v6.p174, v6.p175

Sebastian Cabot born at, v6.p178

British Museum, Moghul pictures in the, v4.p37

Broach, town and district of Bombay, Hakam sends a force against, v5.p2

Brodra, v4.p94

Bruges, medieval trade emporium, v6.p34

Decay of, v6.p35, v6.p202

Its sailors and school of cartography, v6.p44, v6.p200

Brugman, ambassador to Persia, v4.p93

Bruyne, Isaac de, Dutch fiscal, vindictive prosecution of English at Amboyna by, v7.p150

Buckler, Indian, v2.p63

Budail ibn Tahfa directed to proceed against Daibul, v5.p7

Death of, v5.p7

Buddha (Gautama)

Beginning of teachings of, v1.p276

Birth and life of, v1.p281, v2.p25

Birthplace of, v2.p136

Body of, said to have been divided into eight portions, v1.pp302–303

Books, punishment for ignorance of, v9.p141

Books, rewards for knowledge of, v9.pp139–141

Character of, v1.p279

Converts his former disciples, v1.p291

Cremation of, v1.p302

Death of, v2.p29

Death of, at Kusinagara, v1.p280, v1.pp301–302

Deified, v2.p236

Devoted to the worship of Buddha, v9.p185

Directions for construction of an idol of, v9.p180

Disapproval of caste by, v1.p276

Discrepancies between Chinese and Hindu accounts of, due to misunderstanding of the language, v9.p130

Footprints of, v2.p308

Guest of Bimbisara, v1.p292

Leaves home to study philosophy and religion, v1.p286, v1.p289

Marries Subhadhra, v1.p286

Preaches his doctrines in the vernacular, v1.p283

Preceded by “former Buddhas”, v2.p29

Religion of, v1.p253

Residence in Veluvaua, v1.p292

Resides on Vulture’s Peak, v1.p298

Seized with fatal illness at Pava, v1.p300

Sends his sixty followers out to preach, v1.p291

Son born to, v1.p286

Son of, a convert, v1.p293

Stepmother and wife admitted to order of Buddhist nuns by, v1.p296

Still preaching at the age of eighty, v1.p297, v1.p298

Teachings of, on caste, v1.p309

Temptation of, v1.pp289–290

Visited by Ajatasatru, v2.pp29–33

Wanderings of, v1.pp296–300

Wife of, a convert, v1.p292

Work of, in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and twentieth years of his ministry, v1.p297

Buddhism

Asoka’s preference for, v2.p134

Becomes state religion in China in fourth century A.D., v1.p280, v1.p322

Bhabra edict important in history of, v2.p150

Carried from Central Asia to Burma, Ceylon, and China, v6.p27

Decline in Deccan of, v2.p354

Devotion of Harsha to, v2.p309

Distinguishing features of, v1.p313

Divided into two sects, v1.p280

Early missionary activity of, v1.pp319–320

Essentially a system of self-culture and self-restraint, v1.p304

Gradual decay of, v2.p272, v2.p277

Hinayana, ancient form of, v2.p233, v2.p267

In Ceylon, v1.p320

In Southern India, v2.p364

Influence of, on trade, v6.p27

Introduced into Burma about 450 A.D., v1.p321

Introduced into China, v2.p233

Introduced into Siam about 638 A.D., v1.p321

Mahayana, newer form of, v2.p236, v2.p267

Menander a convert to, v2.p204

Merciful teachings of, v2.p268

Opposed by Mimamsa philosophies, v1.p270

Origin of, v2.p25

Partial resemblance to Sankhya philosophy, v1.p253

Prevailing faith of Asia, v1.p276

Revival in Tibet of, v2.p344

Sammitiya school of, v2.p300, v2.p307

Spread of, v1.p184

Spread of, throughout Asia, v1.p322

Spread of, to Japan, in sixth century A.D., v1.p280

Spread of, to Tibet, in seventh century A.D., v1.p280

State religion of India, v1.p319

Teachings of, known to Akbar, v4.p40

Ten prohibitory rules for monks, v1.pp312–313

The precepts of benevolence and love, v1.p313

Buddhist Vihara, v4.p37

Buddhist

Books in China in the second century, v1.p322

Chinese pilgrims, v2.p13, v2.p307

Church in Ceylon, v2.p167

Division of the Hindu year, v9.p128

Doctrine concerning laymen, v2.p137

Fame of Asoka, v2.p161

Holy land, v2.p136

Instructors of Asoka, v2.p135

Law, seven jewels of, v1.pp306–307

Missionaries visit Java about 638 A.D., v1.p321

Monasteries, v2.p230, v2.p267, v2.p306

Monastic order, v2.p150

Monastic system, antiquity of, v1.p311

Pala kings of Bengal, v2.p344

Rule of life, v2.p270

Buddhist Council

1st, at Rajagriha, v1.p281, v1.p318

2nd, at Vaisali, v1.p281, v1.pp318–319

3rd, at Patna, v1.p281, v1.p319

Buddhists

At Akbar’s court, v4.p36

Hindu schools of the, v9.p139

Sacred books of the, v1.p281

Triad of the, v1.p299

Budha, Jats of, said to have killed Budail ibn Tahfa, v5.p7

Budhagupta, raja, v2.p283

Bughra Khan Mahmud, second son of Balban, v3.p88, v3.p93

And five descendants rule in Bengal from 1282 to 1389, v3.p91

Death of, in 1287, v3.p91

House of, in Delhi, survived his death only three years, v3.p91

Personality of, v2.pp91–92

Rule of, extended over forty years, v3.p91

Takes oath to recover and hold Bengal, v3.p90

Buhlol, Afghan king of Delhi, v3.p180

Recovers Jaunpur and its territories, v3.p196

Restores old frontier of his kingdom as far as Bihar, v3.p195

Son of, destroys buildings in Delhi, v3.p180

Supplants last of Sayyids in 1451, v3.p196

Building, art of, v1.p28

Bukephalia, a city founded by Alexander on the banks of the Hydaspes, v9.p20

Bukephalos, Alexander’s battle-horse, v9.p20

Buland Darwazah, gate at Fathpur-Sikri, v4.p49

Bulls, Papal

Of 1179, v6.p64

Of 1454, v6.p59, v6.p65

Of 1481, v6.p65

Of 1493, v6.p63, v6.p167, v6.p169, v6.p174, v6.p187, v6.pp193–197, v6.p201, v6.p219, v6.p227, v6.p232

Of 1502, v6.p85

Of 1506, v6.p65

Of 1514, v6.p65

Bundelkhand = Jejakabhukti, v2.p332

Buonaparte

Scheme of Asiatic conquest of, v8.pp300–301

Letter of, to Tippu, v8.p304

Burganw, a place near Asir, v4.p210

Burgoyne, surrender of, at Saratoga, v8.p247

Burhan Aghlan Jujitar

Cowardice of, leads to defeat at fort of Siyahshposhes, v5.p192

Refused admittance to Timur’s pres-ence, v5.p194

Sent by Timur to invade country of Siyah-poshes, v5.pp183–184

Burhanpur, city in the Central Provinces

Burned by Aurangzib, v4.pp156–167

Capital of the dynasty of Khandesh, v3.p186

Shah Jahan at, v5.p322

Taken by Akbar, v4.p2, v4.p48, v4.p198, v4.p201, v4.p207, v4.p208, v4.p210, v4.p214

Visited by Hawkins, v4.p58

Burial customs in the Black Yajur-Veda, v1.p165

Customs in the White Yajur-Veda, v1.p165

Hymn on, v1.p60

Practised by the ancient Hindus, v1.p165

Unknown in the Epic period, v1.p165

Burke

Defends the East India Company, v8.p228

Attacks the East India Company, v8.pp275–276, v8.pp277–278

Burleigh, Lord Cecil, Fenton’s letter to, v6.p189

Issues warrants for voyages to the East, v6.pp237–238

Burma

Buddhism in, v2.p169

Buddhism in, about 460 A.D., v1.p321

First war with, v8.p389

Fitch’s journey through, v6.p212

Results of the annexation of, v8.pp486–487

The kingdom of, v8.p386

Upper, annexed by the British, v8.pp447–448

Burrough, Sir John, v6.pp206–207

Burrough, Stephen, expedition of, to find the Northeast Passage (1555–56), v6.p181

Burton, W., mentions the Portuguese as Fringes, v6.p165

Bussy

At Haidarabad, v8.p120

Character of, v8.p124

French commander in India, v4.p184

Ordered to Pondicherri, v8.pp138–139

Returns to India with reinforcements in 1783, v8.p257

But-shikan (“idol-breaker”), an appellation of Mahmud, v3.p22

Buwaihids, a Perso-Arabic dynasty, v3.p34

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