Baba Hasan Abdal, Jahangir encamps at, v5.p310
Bab-al-Mandab, straits of, v6.p20
Babar, Moghul Emperor of Hindustan, v3.p64, v4.p3, v4.p18, v4.p102, v4.p165, v4.p175, v4.p176, v4.p178
Address of, to soldiers at Sikri, v2.pp213–214
Advances into Bahrah, thence re-turning to Kabul, v5.p262
Advances to meet Rana Sanga, v3.p211
Ambition of, to reign at Samarkand, v3.p203
An accomplished poet, v3.p200
And the Bengalis, description of battle between, v3.p219
Army of, almost destitute for food, v3.p209
Army of, defeats Daulat Khan, v3.p205
Army of, takes oath to be faithful auto death, v3.p214
Attack of, on Bajaur, in 1519, v3.p204
Attempts a night surprise on Sultan Ibrahim’s army and is routed, v3.p206
Battle of, with the Rajputs, at Kanwaha, v3.p215
Begins conquest of Hindustan iu 1524, v3.p204
Bravery of, wins over many of his enemies, v3.p211
Camps at Sikri, v3.p212
Chains wagons to protect his camp, v3.p191
Character of, v2.pp200–201
Claim of, to the Panjab, v3.p204
Completely routs army of Sultan Ibrahim on April 21, 1526, v2.pp207–208
Content with fame, v3.p209
Death of, in 1530, v2.pp222–223, v3.p199, v5.p223, v5.p262
Decides upon an invasion of Hindustan, v5.p235
Defeats Sultan Ibrahim, v5.p258
Defeats the Bengalis, v3.p219
Describes Hindustan, v3.p221
Desire of army of, to return to Kabul, v3.p210
Details of position of army of, in battle against Ibrahim, v5.pp255–258
Divides booty of Delhi and Agra, v3.p208
Draws a revenue of £2,600,000, v3.p221
Earlier career of, v3.p201
Early life of, v3.p199
Encamps at the mouth of the valley in which Milwat lies, v5.p244
Establishes “Sultan” Ala-ad-din in Dipalpur, v3.p205
Excellence of style of the memoirs of, v5.p223
Experience of, with the fighting qualities of various nations, v3.p212
Fights battle with Sultan Ibrahim, v2.pp205–208
Final retreat of, to Kabul, v3.p203
Founds the Moghul Empire, v8.p46, v8.p161
Hears of Afghans’ plans of restoration while at Dhelpur, v3.p217
Hunts rhinoceroses, v5.p224
Indian conquests of, open way for an imperial line, v3.p199
Invades the northern plains five times, v3.p199
Invasion of India by, v3.p182
Is offered submission by several Afghan leaders at Baxar, v3.p218
Is reinforced by men from Jaunpur, v3.p218
King of Farghana at age of eleven, v3.p203
Lack of organization in government of, v2.pp219–220
Leads his army against Afghans under Mahmud Lodi, v3.p217
Limitations of sovereignty of, v2.pp225–226
Line of emperors descended from, extinct, v3.p201
Literary accomplishments of, v3.p200
Marches against Hati Gakkar, at Parhalah, v5.pp231–232
Marches against Sultan Ibrahim, v5.p247
Memoirs of, v3.p198, v3.p199, v3.p200, v8.pp160–161
New emperor of Delhi in 1526, v3.p208, v3.p209
Occupies Bhira, v3.p204
Only nominally master at Delhi on account of many uprisings, v3.p209
Order of march of army of, v2.pp214–215
Orders his army to lay siege to the fort of Milwat, v5.p244
Osmanli order of battle followed by, v3.p205
Outpost of, defeated by Rajputs, v3.p213
Personality of, v2.pp198–199
Physical prowess of, v3.p222
Position of, before the battle at Panipat, v3.p206
Prayer said in name of, in mosque at Delhi, on April 27, 1526, v3.p208
Preparations of, at Dholpur for campaign in Sind, v3.p217
Preparations of, at Sikri, v3.p213
Preparations of, far attack on the Bengalis, v2.pp218–219
Preparations of, for battle on plain of Panipat, v2.pp205–206
Presses on to Baxar, v3.p218
Receives intelligence that Sultan Ibrahim is advancing to meet him, v5.p250
Reduces Northern India to submission in three battles, v3.p219
Renounces wine, v3.p213
Resolve of, to stay at Delhi, in spite of obstacles, v3.p210
Resolves to force the passage of the Gogra, v3.p218
Returns a famous diamond (Koh-i-nur ?) to Humayun, v3.p209
Returns to Agra, v3.p217
Returns to Agra, v3.p217
Returns to Kabul from Dipalpur for reinforcements, v3.p205
Sends a detachment to take Ghazi Klan a prisoner, v5.p246, v5.p247
Sends detachment after Ghazi Khan, v5.pp243–244
Sends detachments to occupy Delhi and Agra, v3.p208
Sends the Mongol Hankers to attack
Speech of, to his discontented army, v3.p210
Storms fortress of Chanderi, v3.p216
Sultan Ibrahim, v3.p207
Tactics of, at Sikri, v3.p213
Takes Sambhal, v3.p211
Takes up quarters at palace of Jalal Khan Jaghat, v5.p260
The first of the “Great Moguls”, v3.p208
Third failure of, at Samarkand, v2.pp203–204
Tomb of, at Kabul, v3.p223
Troops of, panic-stricken at reports of number of the Rajputs, v3.p213
Turkish the native language of, v4.p62
Twice rules on Timur’s throne and is twice expelled, v3.p203
Unsettled condition of the kingdom of, v2.pp219–220
Victorious at Lahore, v3.p205
Victorious over the Afghans on the Ganges, v3.p217
Victorious over the Rajputs, v3.p215
Victory of, at Panipat, v8.p161
Babylon, ancient trade of, v6.p3, v6.p9, v6.p28
Bacchus appears in the mythological machinery of the “Lusiad”, v6.p71
Bacon, Roger, referred to, v6.p36
Brunetto Latini visits, v6.p53
“Opus Majus” of, quoted, v6.p58
Bactria, Alexander’s conquest of, v2.p42
Premier satrapy, v2.p198
Badakhshan, a city in Turkistan, v3.p205
Province of India, v3.p224
Badakhshan, a province of Turkistan, v4.p48, v4.p108
Badarayana Vyasa, founder of the Vedanta philosophy, v1.p270
Outline of Brahma Sutra of, v1.pp270–271
Badaun under sway of Shams-ad-din Altamish, v5.p97
Badaun, city of Northern India
Mohammad Ghori victorious at, v3.p59
Revolts at, v3.p171
Badauni Abd-al-Kadir, historian of Akbar’s reign
An Orthodox Mohammedan, v4.p46
Comments on military system, v4.p82
Mentions a translation of the Gospels of Christ, v4.p41
Not in sympathy with Akbar’s religious latitudinarian views, v4.p36
Opposed in spirit to some of Akbar’s reforms, v4.pp30–31, v4.p33
Selections from work of, v4.p30, v5.pp277–293
Badr-ad-din Sankar Rumi, lord chamberlain succeeding Ikhtiyar-ad-din Itigin, v5.p108, v5.p113
Baghdad, capital of the Abbasid dynasty, v3.p16
Baghdad
Greek embassy to (917 A.D.), v6.pp11–12
Devastated by the Mongols (1258), v6.p13
Ancient trade of, with India, v6.p15
Bah (Biyah), see Bias.
Bahadur Baz, an Afghan governor, v4.p8, v4.p201
Bahadur Kambu, servant of Shah Jahan, joins Allah Yar Khan at Haldipur in expedition against the Christians at Hugli, v6.p280
Bahadur Khan, commander under Aurangzib, v4.p113
Bahadur Khan, son of Raja Ali of Khandesh, v4.p194, v4.pp195–214
Bahadur Shah of Gujarat
Army of, disperses on learning of his desertion, v3.p230
Army of, in a fortified camp, v3.p230
Camp of, suffers from famine, v3.p230
Engages the Rajputs, v3.p228
Finds refuge in the island of Diu, v3.p230
Five followers desert army, v3.p230
Killed in battle with the Portuguese, v3.p186
King of Gujarat and Malwa, v3.p228
One of the most valiant kings of Gujarat, v3.p186
Pursued by Humayun to Mandu, v3.p230
Pursued to Ahmadabad by Humayun, v3.p230
Pursued to Cambay by Humayun, v3.p230
Pursued to Champanir by Humayun, v3.p230
Raids of, against Agra and Kalinjar easily repulsed by Humayun, v3.p229
Retakes Gujarat, v3.p231
Storms Chitor, v3.p229
Takes possession of Malwa in 1531, v3.p182, v3.p185
Bahadur Shah, brother of Nasir-ad-din, styles himself king of Eastern Bengal, v3.p129
Bahadur Shah, Moghul emperor, son of Aurangzib, v4.p176
Courage of, v4.p177
Death of, v4.p177
See also Mu’azzam
Bahar Deo, the greatest of the rajas of Hindustan, v5.p119, v5.p122
Is defeated by Ulugh Khan, v5.p122
Baharimad attacked, and its suburbs burned, by Habid ibn Marra, v5.p17
Bahlol Lodi, accession of, to throne of Delhi in 1451, v3.p172
Bahmanid dynasty (1347–1525 A.D.), v6.p75, v6.p82
Bahmanid dynasty
Boundaries of territories of, v2.pp186–187
Cruelty of, v2.pp188–189
Decline of, v2.pp191–193
Founded by Hasan Gangu in the Deccan, v3.p186
Of the Deccan, history of, v2.pp186–192
Repeatedly conquers Vijayanagar, v3.p191
Too powerful for kingdom of Vijayanagar, v3.p186
Bahmanid empire, v4.p106
Bahrah
Babar breaks camp at, v5.p229
Babar marches to attack, v5.pp224–227
In the possession of the family of Timm’ Beg since his invasion of Hindustan, v5.p227
People of, pay ransom to Babar, v5.p228
Representatives of inhabitants of, tender submission to Babar, v5.p227
Bahraich, city in Oudh, Firoz Shah makes a pilgrimage to, v3.p157
Salar Mas’ud’s grave at, v3.p167, v3.p177
Bahrain, an island in the Persian gulf, v5.p2
Bahram Shah, son of Khusru Malik, imprisoned at Saifrud and put to death, v5.p82
Bahram, king of Ghazni, v3.p48
Brief reign of, v3.p79
Death of, v3.p79
Driven into India in 1148, v3.p52
Bahzad, a Persian painter at Akbar’s court, v4.p38
Baihaki, Al-, an Arab historian, v3.p31
Chronicler of Mas’ud’s court, v3.p38
Bairam, regent in Akbar’s youth, v4.p3, v4.p4, v4.p5, v4.p6
Removed from office, v4.p7
Bairampur, camp of Aurangzib at Fathpur, v4.p165
Bajaur, Babar’s army remains three or four months in, v5.p224
Taken by Babar, v5.p261
Bajaur, city of Kafiristan, attacked by Babar, v3.p204
Bajaur, valley, v2.p45
Baji Rao, a Maratha leader and peshwa, v4.p179, v4.p221, v4.p222, v4.p224
Bakhtiyar, a slave of Mohammad Ghori, v3.p70
Bakialan, Babar encamps at, v5.p236
Baktriane (modern Bokhara), revolt of, from the Syrian kings, v9.p2
Bala, king of ash-Sharki, killed by Musa ibn Yahya ibn Khalid, v5.p22
Baladeva, brother of Narayana, directions for constructing an idol of, v9.p179
Baladhuri, Al-, Arab historian, v3.p6
Baladitya, king, v2.p283, v2.p288
Balaghat, severe drought in, v5.p321
Balaji Bala Rao, prime minister of the Maratha king, v8.p174
Balaji, a Maratha leader and peshwa, son of Baji Rao, v4.p179, v4.p220, v4.p221, v4.p224
Balamgarh, a fortified place near Delhi, v4.p228, v4.p249
Balasor
Cartwright founds a factory at, v7.p240
English vessel Swan sent to Cartwright at, v7.p240
Made port of trans-shipment by the English, v7.p242
Balban, a Turkish slave of Shams-ad-din Altamish, v3.p80
A stern king, v2.pp84–86
Activity of, at siege of Uchh, v3.p82
Attacks Tughril’s camp, v2.pp89–90
Banished from court in 1253, v3.p82
Chief figure of slave dynasty, v3.p129
Chief huntsman under Raziyat-ad-din and Balban, v3.p81
Ever alert to repel a possible Mongol invasion, v3.p86
Expedition of, into Bengal, v2.pp86–87
Governor of Hansi, v3.p81
Leader of third campaign against Tughril, v2.pp88–90
Organizes frontier provinces and tribes under Sher Khan, v3.p83
Petty wars of the reign of, v3.p84
Puts to death all followers of Tughril, v3.p90
Restored to all his honours in 1254, v3.p83
Served the sultan Nasir-ad-din for twenty years, v3.p83
Succeeds Nasir-ad-din, v3.p84
Suppresses revolts among Turkish chiefs for twenty years, v3.p84
Victorious campaigns of, against “infidels”, v3.p82
Balban, Sultan, see Ulugh Khan.
Bali, son of Virocana, directions for constructing an idol of, v9.p178
Balka Malik Khalji captured by Shams-ad-din Altamish, v5.p100
Balkh = Zariaspa, v2.p198
Secondary Hun capital, v2.p286
Balkh
Blockaded by the Uzbegs, v5.p238
Governed by Ya’kub ibn Lais, v5.p26
Balkh, province and city of Afghanistan, v4.p108
Aurangzib’s campaign at, v4.p126
Balsundar, name of an elephant, v4.p12
Baluchistan made a British protectorate, v8.p436, v8.p480
Bamiar, a town in Afghanistan, early home of Mohammad Ghori, v5.p78
Bamyin, Hun headquarters, v2.p286
Ban Khan Aybek Khitai goes to Nasir-ad-din’s camp to complete terms of peace, v5.p125
Bana, author, v2.p18, v2.p294, v2.p304
Banda (Lantor)
Albuquerque decides to drive the Turks from the castle of, v9.p231
Dutch allow the English one-third of the trade of, v7.p93
English acquisition of, and expulsion from, v7.p113
English treaty with island of, in 1614, v7.p84
Position of, v7.p96
Surrenders to Antonio de Noronha, v9.p232
Insurrection in, in 1294, v3.p101
Bandri, Ala-ad-din’s army arrives at, v5.p147
Bankipur, fortress of Vijayanagar
Attacked by Bahmanid Sultan Mujahid, v3.p189
Taken by the Bahmanid Sultan Firoz, v3.p191
Bankipur, on site of Pataliputra, v2.p110, v2.p144
Banna (Bannu), a district of India, v5.p4
Blockade of, v7.p106, v7.p110, v7.p111
Blockaded by the Dutch, v8.p30
Company’s trade at, suspended during Anglo-Dutch war, v7.p260
Declared commercially subordinate to Surat, v7.p206
Dutch attacked by Michelborne at, v7.p8, v7.p9
Early compacts of separate expeditions with the raja of, v7.p70
Early English trade with, v6.p257
English alliance with, against Dutch, v7.p110
English desire to remove from Batavia to, v7.p110
English factory transferred to, v7.p153
Factories in, turned over to the Joint Stock, v7.p287
Gradually becomes a dependency of Holland, v7.p70
In the possession of the English, v8.p35
Key to Dutch control of pepper trade, v8.p65
Portuguese attack on, v6.p141
Raja of, rejoices in union with England, v7.p77
Subsequent experiences of English at, v7.pp153–154
Banyan hospital, v2.p164
Banyan-tree, description of the growth of a, v9.pp11–12
Bar = waterless uplands, v2.p83
Barabar caves, v2.p145, et seq.
Baran, inhabitants of fort of, accept Islam, v5.pp65–66
Barani, Arab historian, v3.p84
Discusses questions of government with Mohammad Taghlak, v2.pp132–133
Barani, Arab historian, selection from works of, v5.pp154–162
Barauz, Arabic form of Broach, town and district of Bombay, v5.p2
Barbarians, revenge of, v1.p36
Barbary corsairs as a political factor in the struggle for the Mediterranean, v6.pp31–32, v6.p221
Barbosa, Duarte, letters of, quoted, v6.pp108–109, v6.p142, v6.p152
Barents, William, Arctic expeditions of (1594–96), v6.p198
Bargeurrea, sub-caste of the Sudras, v9.p245
Barha Sayyids, two brothers, v4.p178, v4.p220
Barid Shahs, dynasty of Bidar, v3.p192
Barin Lanka, a building in the middle of Lake Ulur (Wulur), built by Zain-al-Abidin, description of, v5.p306
Barker, Sir Robert, v8.p241
Barlow, Sir George, succeeds Cornwallis as Governor-General, v8.p345
Reactionary policy of, v8.p346
Barneveldt, project of, for a United Dutch-English Company, v7.p82
Offers three alternatives to the English, v7.pp82–83
Baroda, a Hindu state, v4.p14
Barrier-treaty of August, 1765, v8.pp201–202
Barros, Joiio de, Portuguese historian, quoted, v6.pp53–54, v6.p116
Basava, founded Lingayat sect, v2.p359
Bashar ibn Daud appointed to the frontier of Sind, but rebels, v5.p21
Basmad, people of, make peace with Mohammad ibn Kasim, v5.p11
Basra plundered by Karmathians, v5.p25
Bassein
Occupied by the English, v8.p245
Protection of mosques of, guaranteed by the Portuguese, v6.p128
Taken by the Portuguese (1534), v6.p132
Treaty of, v8.p321, v8.p323, v8.p329
Bassorah, Indian trade at, v6.pp11–12
Batavia, Java
Capital of the Dutch East Indies, v7.p65
Dutch fortifications at, v7.p110
English attack on the Dutch at, v7.p110
English hardships at, v7.pp111–113
English in despair desire to withdraw from, v7.p111, v7.p113
English position at, after Amboyna tragedy, v7.pp151–154
English withdraw from, to Lagundy, but are forced to return, v7.p152
Headquarters of the Dutch in the East, v8.p65
Baths, public, at Agra, v4.p97
Baticala, v6.p88
Battle of the Ten Kings, v1.p37, v1.p38
Battle, Osmanli order of, followed by Babar in 1526, v2.pp205–206
Battle-axe, a Pandya cognizance, v2.p366
Batuta, Ibn, of Tangiers (1304–77), quoted, v6.p18, v6.p30
Baudhayana, one of the earliest of the Sutrakaras, v1.p200
Baxar (Baksar, Buxar), battle at, v4.p188
Baxar, city in Bengal, v3.p218
Defeat of the Oudh vizir at, v8.p188
Several Afghan leaders offer submission to Babar at, v3.p218
Baz Bahadur, an Afghan, v4.p8
Bazira, town in the hills, v2.p49, v2.p50
Be-badal Khan, superintendent of the goldsmith’s department of Shah Jahan, v5.p325
Begs of Babar’s army receive six to ten lacs as their portion of booty at Delhi and Agra, v3.p208
Behaim, Martin, improves the astrolabe, v6.p69
Behat (Hydaspes), river, v4.p84
Behat river, to the east of Bahrah
Babar halts at, v5.p227
Course of, v5.pp305–306
Jahangir encamps on banks of, v5.p304
Belem (or Restello), chapel at, v6.p73
Belgaon, city of Bombay, taken by Bahmanid Sultan Mohammad II, v3.p191
Benares (Baranasi)
Sanctity of, v9.p198
Legend of cause of holiness of, v9.p198
Benares = Kasi, v2.p25
Benares, a city on the Ganges, v1.p126, v4.p6, v4.p111
Acquired by the English, v8.p266
Becomes part of the empire of Ghor, v3.p68
Captured by Kutb-ad-din Aybek in 1194, v3.p70
Escape of Sher Khan from, v3.p218
Insurrection of, v8.pp254–255
Under sway of Shams-ad-din Altamish, v5.p97
Benches, Hindu, description of, v9.pp131–132
Bengal, a district
Abundance of cotton raised in, v9.p286
Abundance of fruit and sugar cane in, v9.p286
Army protects Mahmud Lodi, v3.p218
Bamboo and rattan, uses of, in, v9.pp287–289
Bay of, factories in dependencies on the, turned over to the Joint Stock Company, v7.p287
Believed to have been invaded by Pandavas, v1.p106
Climate of, v9.p284
Coinage in, v4.p111
Commerce and position of, v8.pp178–180
Conquered by Akbar, v4.p3, v4.p26, v4.p48
Different conditions prevailing in, from those encountered by English in colonization of other parts of India, v7.pp233–234
Disputes between the English Company and the Nawab of, v8.pp182–183, v8.p184
Domestic animals of, v9.p285
Dress of the inhabitants of, v9.p291
Dynasties of, v2.pp343–348
East India Company sends commission to re-establish trade in, v7.pp246–247
Emperor of Delhi declares war against, v9.p283
English masters of, in 1758, v8.p141, v8.p176
Famine in, v8.p223
Fertility of, v9.p284
First campaign of Firoz Shah against, in 1363, v3.p147
Fitch’s journey through, v6.p212
Government of, v4.p84, v4.p111, v4.p143
Handicrafts of, v9.pp286–287
Harbours of, v8.p177
Hinduized, v1.p203
History of, in Mohammedan period, v2.pp173–175
Included in Harsha’s dominions, v2.p300
Independence of governors of, v3.p173
Internal strife in, v3.p173
Islands of Lower, v4.p143
King of, and Sikandar, treaty of alliance between, v3.p196
Kingdom of, independent of Delhi, v3.p218
Large rice crops of, exported, v9.p284
Large slave-trade of, v9.p290
Lost to Mohammad Taghlak’s kingdom, v3.p144
Low price of slaves in, v6.p141
Madras Council resolves to withdraw factories from, v7.p287
Manners and customs of the people of, v9.pp290–291
Menaced by Arakan, v4.p142
Native government of, in the beginning of the eighteenth century, v8.pp163–164
Naval engagements in the Bay of, v8.p257
One of the five important seats of the East India Company’s trade, v7.p247
Period of misrule in, v8.p183
Piracy of Portuguese on Bay of, v6.p165
Portuguese trade with, v6.pp156–157
Pottery of, v9.p287
Preparations of the king of, to meet the Emperor of Delhi in war, v9.p284
Presidency of India, v3.p71
Rebellion among tribes in, v2.pp86–87
Rival kings rule Eastern and Western, v3.p173
Ruled by various nationalities from 1202 to 1570, v2.pp174–175
Samudragupta’s campaign in, v2.p261
Scented oils exported from, v9.p286
Second campaign of Firoz Shah against, in 1369–60, v3.p147
Silk raised abundantly in, v9.p286
Size of, v9.p283
Story of English settlement in, v7.p234
Taxed by the Marathas, v4.p182
Troops, massing of, v3.p218
Two descendants of Cromwell became governors of, v7.p291
Under Afghan rule, v4.p2
Under Aurangzib’s rule, v4.p149, v4.p166
Value of the imports from, during the twenty years after the Restoration, v8.p41
Variety of religions in, v9.p291
Wild animals of, v9.p289
Bengal, Gulf of
Perilous navigation in the, v9.p284
Portuguese in, v6.p113, v6.p165
Bengalis
Preparations of Babar for attack on, v2.pp218–219
And Babar, description of battle between, v3.p219
Defeated by Babar, v3.p219
Bentinck, Lord William, Governor-General of India, v8.p392
Makes English the official language of India, v8.pp392–394
Abolishes suttee, v8.pp394–395
Foreign policy of, v8.p395
Berar, a province of Central India
Tributary to Akbar, v4.p48
Rebels from Akbar, v4.p49
Under rule of Daniyal, v4.p214
Berar, capital of Imad Shah dynasty, v3.p192
Imad-al-mulk crowned king of, v3.p192
Berber tribes hold Africa until close of seventh century, v3.p4
Berenice, trade emporium founded by Ptolemy Philadelphus, v6.p22, v6.p23, v6.p24
Bergas, sub-caste of the Sudras, v9.p245
Berga-willala, sub-caste of the Sudras, v9.p245
Bernier, a French physician at the Moghul court, v4.p23, v4.p52, v4.p56, v4.p89, v4.pp102–103, v4.p120
Describes a levee of Aurangzib, v4.pp135–136
Quotations from, regarding Aurangzib, v4.p126, v4.p139, v4.p140, v4.p142
Quotations from, regarding the military and official classes in India, v8.pp47–48
Writes of the strength of India, v8.p162
Best
Defeats Portuguese off Swally, v7.pp25–27
Aids Moghul troops in besieging a pirate fort, v7.p28
Anchors at Moha Bay, v7.p28
And governor of Surat, terms of treaty between, v7.pp29–30
Defeats the Portuguese off Swally in two further encounters, v7.p28
Establishes four factories at Surat and around the Gulf of Cambay, v7.p29
Fatalities of, in battle off Swally, v7.pp28–29
Reopens communication with English factors at Surat, v7.p28
Routs Portuguese squadron commanding approach to Surat, v7.p195
Betel, mention of the chewing of, v9.pp214–215, v9.pp223–224
Beverages, Hindu, v9.p152
Bhabra edict, v2.p147, v2.p150
Bhaddiya, convert to Buddhism, v1.p293
Bhagavadgita, extracts from the, v9.pp157–158, v9.pp163–166, v9.pp187–188
Bhagavatas, priests of Vishnu, v9.p185
Bhagavati, the wife of Siva, directions for constructing an idol of, v9.p179
One of the “Seven Mothers” group of idols, v9.p181
Bhagiratha, King, legend of, v9.pp193–194
Bhagu, convert to Buddhism, v1.p293
Bhagvan Das, a raja, allied with Akbar, v4.pp13–15, v4.p23
Bhakkar, city in the Panjab, v3.p148
Bhandi, cousin of Harsha, v2.p299
Bhanugupta, raja, v2.p283
Bhao (Bhaoji) Sadasheo, cousin of Balaji Rao, v4.p187, v4.p230, v4.p240
Death of, v4.p264
Dislikes Raghunath Rao, v4.p241
History of, v4.pp241–254
Pretenders to the name of, v4.pp254–261
Bharadvaja, a hermitage, v1.p120
Bharata, son of Duhshanta, v1.p132
Son of Kaikeyi, v1.p119
Bharatas, known also as Kurus, a tribe, v1.p98
Bhartpur
Unsuccessful siege of, v8.p330
Taken by assault, v8.p391
Bhaskara-varman = Kumara Raja, q. v., v2.p318
Bhatarka, founded Valabhi dynasty, v2.p284
Bhatia, a city of Bombay, invaded by Mainland of Ghazni, v5.pp47–48
Bhatnir, Rajput fortress, stormed and taken by Timur, v3.p166
Bhilsa captured by Shams-ad-din AI-tarnish, v5.p101
Bhilsa, a town in Gwalior, Central India, v4.p258
Bhima, King of Gujarat, v2.p336
Bhima, one of the five Pandava princes, v1.p101
Fights with Duryodhana, v1.p102
Kills brother of Queen of Virata, v1.p108
Kills Duhsasana, v1.p109
Bhim-deo, raja of Nahrwala, defeats Mohammedans, v5.p81
Defeated by Kutb-ad-din, v5.p90
Bhimnagar, fort of, surrenders to Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p54
Bhimpal, son of Puru Jaipal
Goes to obtain the daughter of Chand Rai and is imprisoned, v5.p71
Advice of, to Chand Rai concerning Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p72
Bhira, city on Jihlam River
Mahmud’s victory at, v3.p20
Occupied by Babar, v3.p204
Western limit of Babar’s dominions, v3.p220
Bhishma, a renowned warrior, son of Santanu, v1.p100
Killed unfairly by Arjuna, v1.p109
Bhoj Chand, Hindu raja, alliance of Puru Jaipal with, v5.p72
Bhoja, of Dhara, v2.p336, v2.p341
Bhojpur, lake, v2.p342
Bhonsla, a Maratha tribe, v4.p153, v4.p216, v4.p218, v4.p261, v4.p262, v4.p268
Bhotan, war with, v8.p433
Bhujya, shipwreck of, v1.p20
Bhumaka, Kshaharata, v2.p192, v2.p263
Biana, city of Rajputana
Conversation of the kadi of, with Ala-ad-din, v2.pp111–114
Garrison from, joins Babar at Sikri, v3.p218
Independent chiefs in, v3.p173
Rana Sanga advances on, v3.p211
Bias (Biyah), a river in the Panjab, crossed by Malunud of Ghazni, v5.p65
Babar encamps on banks of, v5.p243
Bias, see Hypanis
Bibi Naila, a Rajput princess, mother of Firoz Shah, v3.p160
Bibi Raji, wife of Mahmud, v3.p180
Bibi, daughter of Mubarak Shah, married to crown prince of Jaunpur, v3.p178
Bidar, v4.p110
Bidar, city in the Deccan
Becomes capital of the Bahmanid Sultans, v3.p192
Capital of Barid Shah dynasty, v3.p192
Hindus of Warangal march to, v3.p187
Mohammad Taghlak defeated at, v3.p186
Bihar, district in India, v3.p58, v4.p84
Disregards Babar’s authority, v3.p220
Eastern limit of Babar’s dominions, v3.p221
Granted to Bir Afghan by Firoz Shah, v3.p164
Invaded by Mohammad Bakhtiyar, v3.p71
Portions of, declare allegiance to Mahmud Lodi, v3.p217
Portions of, governed by Bengal, v3.p174
Subdued by Sikandar, v3.p196
Bihar, province = Magadha, v2.p25, v2.p345
Bihari Mal, raja of Amber, v4.p16
Bijapur destroyed by Aurangzib, v8.p44, v8.p54
Bijapur, a town and district, v4.p106, v4.p107, v4.p109, v4.p110
Becomes independent of the Bahmanid Sultans, v3.p192
Capital of Adil Shah dynasty, v3.p192
Fall of, v4.pp158–159, v4.p163
Kingdom of, v4.p163, v4.p164, v4.p158
Mohammedan kingdom of Southern India (1489–1688), v6.pp132–133
Biji Rai, ruler of Bhatia
Comes forth to oppose Mahmud of Ghazni, and is defeated, v5.p48
Death of, v5.p49
Escape of, from Bhatia, v5.p49
Bijjala, Kalachurya king, v2.p359
Bikanir, princess of, married by Akbar, v4.p23
Bikram, raja, v2.p278
Bilhana, author, v2.p18, v2.p358
Billal Deo, raja of Dhur Samundar
Ala-ad-din marches against, v5.p147
Message of peace of, to Ala-ad-din, v5.p148
Submission and enforced conversion of, v5.pp148–149
Bimbisara, King of the Magadhas, v1.p284, v2.p27, v2.p39
Conversion of, to Buddhism, v1.p291
Bindraban Das Bahadur Shahi prepares a history of part of Aurangzib’s reign, v5.pp340–341
Bindusara, king, v2.p109, v2.p127
Bir Afghan, a noble of the court of Firoz Shah, v3.p163
Bir Pandya, elder raja of Ma’bar
Attacks Sundar Pandya, v5.p147
Flees from Malik Kafur, v5.p149, v5.p150
Birbal maligns Islam to Akbar, v5.p281
Birbal, a Hindu favourite of Akbar, v4.p37, v4.p44
Death of, v4.p48
Birds, v1.p17
Biruni, see al-Biruni
Bishanpur plundered by Ulugh Khan, v5.p129
Biyah, a river, see Bias.
Blessings after death, Hindu beliefs regarding, v9.pp276–279
Blochmann, H.
Comments upon Akbar’s religious debates, v4.p39
On Akbar’s administration, v4.p29
Boccaccio, reference to, v6.p51
Bodh Gaya, Asoka’s monastery at, v2.p256
Desolate in Fa-hien’s time, v2.p272
Bodhi tree at Gaya, v2.p136, v2.p308
Bojador, Cape, and Portuguese explorations, v6.p49, v6.p50, v6.p51, v6.p52, v6.p65
Bokhara, district of Central Asia, v3.p18
Anthony Jenkinson reaches (1557), v6.p181
Once northern limit of kingdom of Khwarizm, v3.p76
Subdued by Ali-Tigin, v3.p2
Bombay coast, factories in dependencies on the, turned over to the Joint Stock Company, v7.p286
Bombay
Animal hospital at, v2.p164
Ceded to England in 1661, v8.p31
Description of, by William Francklin, v9.pp327–330
Presidency, most of present territory of, formerly part of Bahmanid dominions, v3.p187
Recovered from Deccan kings by Ahmad I, v3.p182
Strong position of the Portuguese near, v6.p131, v6.p134
The headquarters of the English Company in 1685, v8.p41
Borgian map, v6.p170
Bostra, capital of the Roman province of Arabia, v6.p11
Both, Pieter, first governor-general of the Dutch East Indies, v7.p64, v7.p78
Admiral of the Brabant Company’s expedition in 1599–1601, v7.p78
Arrival of, at Bantam, in 1611, v7.p79
Death of, v7.p79
Lays foundations of new national power in the Eastern Archipelago, v7.p79
Nominated to take charge of Dutch factories, v7.p78
Boughton, a surgeon in the East India Company, made physician to the Emperor of Delhi, v8.p23
Boughton, Gabriel, obtains license for free trade by English in Bengal, v7.p245
Boukephala, city, v2.p67
Bow, Indian, v2.p63
The Chera cognizance, v2.p371
Bozrah (El Buseireh), ancient trade emporium, v6.p5, v6.pp8–9
Braganza, Constantino de, conquered Daman, v7.p36
Brahma, a god, v2.p311
Brahma, evolution of, v1.p76
Directions for the construction of an idol of, v9.p179
His part in creation, v1.p167
Marriage of, v1.p238
Theme of the older Upanishads, v1.p96
True nature of, as taught in the Chhandogya Upanishad, v1.pp174–176
Brahmadatta and Dighavu, parable of, v1.pp313–316
Brahman, caste, v1.p136
Allowed to marry into other castes, in Brahmanic and Epic periods, v1.p164
Arrogance toward other castes, v1.p233
Occupations of, v1.p232, v1.p233
Only, practise austerities in Krita Age, v1.p136
Translation from Megasthenes concerning, v1.pp234–236
Worsted in learning by warrior caste, v1.p114
Brahmana literature, v1.p86
Brahmanabad, city of Sind, Arabs victorious at, v3.p9
Brahmanas, composition of, v1.p85, v1.pp143–144
General character of, v1.p92
Of Atharva-Veda, v1.p93
Of Rig-Veda, v1.pp92–93
Of Sama-Veda, v1.p93
Of Yajur-Veda, v1.p93
Brahmani, one of the “Seven Mothers” group of idols, v9.p181
Brahmanic period
Astronomy a distinct science in, v1.p167
Child marriage unknown in, v1.p154
Ethical ideal in, v1.pp145–146
Food in, v1.pp147–149
Hermit life in, v1.p86, v1.p144
Justice officially administered in, v1.p143
Manufactures in, v1.p160
Metals in, v1.p147
Municipal government in, v1.p143
Plan of towns in, v1.p160
Social life in, v1.pp149–154
Students in, v1.p144
Teachers in, v1.p144
Widow marriage not prohibited in, v1.p164
Brahmanical reaction, v2.p184
Brahmanpal, son of Andpal, attacked and defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni, v5.p54
Brahmans (Brachmanes, Bramines), the Hindu caste of philosophers, according to Megasthenes, v9.pp48–50
Affect the worship of the “Eight Mothers”, v9.p185
Albuquerque to the, in Malabar, v9.p235
Customs and beliefs of the, v9.pp48–50, v9.pp52–53
Customs and language of the, in Malabar, v9.p235
Forbidden by a special law to burn themselves alive, v9.p190, v9.p239
Simplicity of the life of the, v9.p134
The highest caste in India, v9.p142, v9.pp238–239, v9.pp250–252, v9.pp255–261
Traces of Christianity attributed by
Brahmans in Malabar, v6.p79
Brahmans taxed by Firoz Shah, v3.p167
Brahmans, at Akbar’s court, v4.p36
Of Benares, v4.p145
Of the Konkan, v4.p220
Schools of philosophy of the, v4.p189
Brahmastpuri, temple of, destroyed by Malik Kafur, v5.p151
Brasylle (Island of the Blest), v6.p173
Brazil
Discovery of, by Portuguese under Cabral (1500), v6.p86
English under Fenton at (1582–83), v6.pp189–190
French and Portuguese settlements in, v6.p194
Breda, treaty of, adjusting commercial disputes in Asia, v8.p38
Brihadratha, Maurya king, v2.p177
Brihaspati
Conception of, v1.p74
Lord of hymns, v1.p74
Brihatsamhita of Varahamihira
Extracts from, relating to the construction of idols, v9.pp178–182
Quotations from, regarding ablutions in sacred ponds, v9.pp197–198
Bristol, John Cabot’s crew from, v6.p68, v6.p175
Charters granted to adventurers of, v6.p172, v6.p175
Exploring expeditions from, v6.p173, v6.p174, v6.p175
Sebastian Cabot born at, v6.p178
British Museum, Moghul pictures in the, v4.p37
Broach, town and district of Bombay, Hakam sends a force against, v5.p2
Brodra, v4.p94
Bruges, medieval trade emporium, v6.p34
Its sailors and school of cartography, v6.p44, v6.p200
Brugman, ambassador to Persia, v4.p93
Bruyne, Isaac de, Dutch fiscal, vindictive prosecution of English at Amboyna by, v7.p150
Buckler, Indian, v2.p63
Budail ibn Tahfa directed to proceed against Daibul, v5.p7
Death of, v5.p7
Buddha (Gautama)
Beginning of teachings of, v1.p276
Birth and life of, v1.p281, v2.p25
Birthplace of, v2.p136
Body of, said to have been divided into eight portions, v1.pp302–303
Books, punishment for ignorance of, v9.p141
Books, rewards for knowledge of, v9.pp139–141
Character of, v1.p279
Converts his former disciples, v1.p291
Cremation of, v1.p302
Death of, v2.p29
Death of, at Kusinagara, v1.p280, v1.pp301–302
Deified, v2.p236
Devoted to the worship of Buddha, v9.p185
Directions for construction of an idol of, v9.p180
Disapproval of caste by, v1.p276
Discrepancies between Chinese and Hindu accounts of, due to misunderstanding of the language, v9.p130
Footprints of, v2.p308
Guest of Bimbisara, v1.p292
Leaves home to study philosophy and religion, v1.p286, v1.p289
Marries Subhadhra, v1.p286
Preaches his doctrines in the vernacular, v1.p283
Preceded by “former Buddhas”, v2.p29
Religion of, v1.p253
Residence in Veluvaua, v1.p292
Resides on Vulture’s Peak, v1.p298
Seized with fatal illness at Pava, v1.p300
Sends his sixty followers out to preach, v1.p291
Son born to, v1.p286
Son of, a convert, v1.p293
Stepmother and wife admitted to order of Buddhist nuns by, v1.p296
Still preaching at the age of eighty, v1.p297, v1.p298
Teachings of, on caste, v1.p309
Temptation of, v1.pp289–290
Visited by Ajatasatru, v2.pp29–33
Wanderings of, v1.pp296–300
Wife of, a convert, v1.p292
Work of, in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and twentieth years of his ministry, v1.p297
Buddhism
Asoka’s preference for, v2.p134
Becomes state religion in China in fourth century A.D., v1.p280, v1.p322
Bhabra edict important in history of, v2.p150
Carried from Central Asia to Burma, Ceylon, and China, v6.p27
Decline in Deccan of, v2.p354
Devotion of Harsha to, v2.p309
Distinguishing features of, v1.p313
Divided into two sects, v1.p280
Early missionary activity of, v1.pp319–320
Essentially a system of self-culture and self-restraint, v1.p304
Gradual decay of, v2.p272, v2.p277
Hinayana, ancient form of, v2.p233, v2.p267
In Ceylon, v1.p320
In Southern India, v2.p364
Influence of, on trade, v6.p27
Introduced into Burma about 450 A.D., v1.p321
Introduced into China, v2.p233
Introduced into Siam about 638 A.D., v1.p321
Mahayana, newer form of, v2.p236, v2.p267
Menander a convert to, v2.p204
Merciful teachings of, v2.p268
Opposed by Mimamsa philosophies, v1.p270
Origin of, v2.p25
Partial resemblance to Sankhya philosophy, v1.p253
Prevailing faith of Asia, v1.p276
Revival in Tibet of, v2.p344
Sammitiya school of, v2.p300, v2.p307
Spread of, v1.p184
Spread of, throughout Asia, v1.p322
Spread of, to Japan, in sixth century A.D., v1.p280
Spread of, to Tibet, in seventh century A.D., v1.p280
State religion of India, v1.p319
Teachings of, known to Akbar, v4.p40
Ten prohibitory rules for monks, v1.pp312–313
The precepts of benevolence and love, v1.p313
Buddhist Vihara, v4.p37
Buddhist
Books in China in the second century, v1.p322
Chinese pilgrims, v2.p13, v2.p307
Church in Ceylon, v2.p167
Division of the Hindu year, v9.p128
Doctrine concerning laymen, v2.p137
Fame of Asoka, v2.p161
Holy land, v2.p136
Instructors of Asoka, v2.p135
Law, seven jewels of, v1.pp306–307
Missionaries visit Java about 638 A.D., v1.p321
Monasteries, v2.p230, v2.p267, v2.p306
Monastic order, v2.p150
Monastic system, antiquity of, v1.p311
Pala kings of Bengal, v2.p344
Rule of life, v2.p270
Buddhist Council
1st, at Rajagriha, v1.p281, v1.p318
2nd, at Vaisali, v1.p281, v1.pp318–319
3rd, at Patna, v1.p281, v1.p319
Buddhists
At Akbar’s court, v4.p36
Hindu schools of the, v9.p139
Sacred books of the, v1.p281
Triad of the, v1.p299
Budha, Jats of, said to have killed Budail ibn Tahfa, v5.p7
Budhagupta, raja, v2.p283
Bughra Khan Mahmud, second son of Balban, v3.p88, v3.p93
And five descendants rule in Bengal from 1282 to 1389, v3.p91
Death of, in 1287, v3.p91
House of, in Delhi, survived his death only three years, v3.p91
Personality of, v2.pp91–92
Rule of, extended over forty years, v3.p91
Takes oath to recover and hold Bengal, v3.p90
Buhlol, Afghan king of Delhi, v3.p180
Recovers Jaunpur and its territories, v3.p196
Restores old frontier of his kingdom as far as Bihar, v3.p195
Son of, destroys buildings in Delhi, v3.p180
Supplants last of Sayyids in 1451, v3.p196
Building, art of, v1.p28
Bukephalia, a city founded by Alexander on the banks of the Hydaspes, v9.p20
Bukephalos, Alexander’s battle-horse, v9.p20
Buland Darwazah, gate at Fathpur-Sikri, v4.p49
Bulls, Papal
Of 1179, v6.p64
Of 1481, v6.p65
Of 1493, v6.p63, v6.p167, v6.p169, v6.p174, v6.p187, v6.pp193–197, v6.p201, v6.p219, v6.p227, v6.p232
Of 1502, v6.p85
Of 1506, v6.p65
Of 1514, v6.p65
Bundelkhand = Jejakabhukti, v2.p332
Buonaparte
Scheme of Asiatic conquest of, v8.pp300–301
Letter of, to Tippu, v8.p304
Burganw, a place near Asir, v4.p210
Burgoyne, surrender of, at Saratoga, v8.p247
Burhan Aghlan Jujitar
Cowardice of, leads to defeat at fort of Siyahshposhes, v5.p192
Refused admittance to Timur’s pres-ence, v5.p194
Sent by Timur to invade country of Siyah-poshes, v5.pp183–184
Burhanpur, city in the Central Provinces
Burned by Aurangzib, v4.pp156–167
Capital of the dynasty of Khandesh, v3.p186
Shah Jahan at, v5.p322
Taken by Akbar, v4.p2, v4.p48, v4.p198, v4.p201, v4.p207, v4.p208, v4.p210, v4.p214
Visited by Hawkins, v4.p58
Burial customs in the Black Yajur-Veda, v1.p165
Customs in the White Yajur-Veda, v1.p165
Hymn on, v1.p60
Practised by the ancient Hindus, v1.p165
Unknown in the Epic period, v1.p165
Burke
Defends the East India Company, v8.p228
Attacks the East India Company, v8.pp275–276, v8.pp277–278
Burleigh, Lord Cecil, Fenton’s letter to, v6.p189
Issues warrants for voyages to the East, v6.pp237–238
Burma
Buddhism in, v2.p169
Buddhism in, about 460 A.D., v1.p321
First war with, v8.p389
Fitch’s journey through, v6.p212
Results of the annexation of, v8.pp486–487
The kingdom of, v8.p386
Upper, annexed by the British, v8.pp447–448
Burrough, Sir John, v6.pp206–207
Burrough, Stephen, expedition of, to find the Northeast Passage (1555–56), v6.p181
Burton, W., mentions the Portuguese as Fringes, v6.p165
Bussy
At Haidarabad, v8.p120
Character of, v8.p124
French commander in India, v4.p184
Ordered to Pondicherri, v8.pp138–139
Returns to India with reinforcements in 1783, v8.p257
But-shikan (“idol-breaker”), an appellation of Mahmud, v3.p22
Buwaihids, a Perso-Arabic dynasty, v3.p34
This collection transcribed by Chris Gage